Epicutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy (EPIT) is proposed as an alternative route for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). The induction of allergen-specific blocking IgG antibodies represents an important mechanism underlying AIT, but has not been investigated for EPIT. Here, we compared the induction of allergen-specific blocking IgG in outbred guinea pigs which had been immunized wit...

BACKGROUND Although many patients with allergic rhinitis have symptoms due to sensitization to more than one kind of allergens, and mixed allergen extracts are widely used for immunotherapy, there are few published trials. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of multiple-allergen immunotherapy on improving the symptoms and quality of life of allergic rhinitis patients. METHODS W...

Allergen immunotherapy is performed with allergenic products derived from a wide variety of sources in differing formulations, dilutions, and expressed potencies. The use of standardized allergen products is leading to more uniform potency designations with these products, but only a few products have been standardized. Increased information regarding allergen crossreactivity and the stability ...

BACKGROUND Grass pollen immunotherapy is an effective treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis that provides the opportunity to study the induction and maintenance of allergen-specific immune tolerance. OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between clinical responsiveness, regulatory cytokine production, and antibody responses to allergen during 1 year of immunotherapy. METHODS Eighte...

Allergen-specific IgG antibodies play a significant role in allergen-specific tolerance, either naturally induced or generated by specific immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms are still debated, and allergen-specific IgG determinations are not recommended as a diagnostic tool in IgE-mediated allergy. This review summarizes the latest findings on the immunological and diagnosti...

Critical aspects of formulating allergy immunotherapy vaccines include the selection, total number, and proportions of each allergen component in therapeutic mixtures. The immunotherapy prescription, determined by a medical provider, details the dosing and schedule for treatment as well as the specific composition of the treatment vials. Allergen extracts are composed of many components such as...

The English and non-English language literature on allergen immunotherapy was reviewed for studies simultaneously using 2 or more distinct allergen extracts in either subcutaneous or sublingual immunotherapy. Thirteen studies were identified, 11 using subcutaneous injections, 1 using sublingual administration, and 1 using both. In studies with adequate information, administration of 2 extracts ...

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IgE-mediated allergies today affect up to 30 % of the population in industrialized countries. Allergen immunotherapy is the only disease-modifying treatment option with a long-term effect. However, very few patients (<5 %) choose immunotherapy, due to the long treatment duration (between 3-5 years) and possible local and systemic allergic side effects of the allergen administrations. The latter...

Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT), is effective in reducing the clinical symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis, asthma and venom induced anaphylaxis [1]. Subcutaneous (SCIT) and Sublingual (SLIT) with unmodified allergen extracts are the two routes of administration of allergen vaccines. In addition, AIT has been positioned as the only treatment that may alter the natural course of allergic dis...