Sixty-one sets of clearance (CL) values in animal species were allometrically scaled for predicting human clearance. Unbound fractions (f(u)) of drug in plasma in rats and humans were obtained from the literature. A model was developed to predict human CL: CL=33.35 ml/min x (a/Rf(u))(0.770), where Rf(u) is the f(u) ratio between rats and humans and a is the coefficient obtained from allometric ...

this study reports the length-weight relationship (lwr), fulton's condition factor ( k ), and sex ratio of the non-native catfish hoplosternum littorale (hancock, 1828) in florida for the first time. sampling was conducted from november 2013 to april 2014 in tosohatchee wildlife management area in christmas, florida. a total of 477 specimens were caught (6.4-13.5 cm tl). the allometric coeffici...

present study describes the length-weight (lwr) and length-length (llr) relationships of a freshwater catfish eutropiichthyes vacha hamilton from indus river, sindh, pakistan. a total of 281 specimen of e. vacha were collected from fisherman?s catch from february 2005 to january 2006, are used for this study. the parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship were calculated as w= alb are...

In the robustness analysis, we generated parameter values randomly for each trial. Here we present the range of values from which each parameter was chosen (table B1). We also justify our choice of ranges for scaling exponents. These exponents determine the allometric relationships between body size, population density, and pumping ability and between egg size and fertilization efficiency. Last...

due to the use of secale montanum for different rangelands reclamation across the country, management of these ecosystems need to be aware of its ability to environmental stresses. this research investigated the effect of pollutant element of cu and pb on seed germination and growth of this species in laboratory. therefore, the effect of five treatments (control, 50, 100, 150, 200ppm) of pb (no...

Allometric relationships among morphological traits underlie important patterns in ecology. These relationships are often phylogenetically shared; thus quantifying allometric relationships may allow for estimating difficult-to-measure traits across species. One such trait, proboscis length in bees, is assumed to be important in structuring bee communities and plant-pollinator networks. However,...

A set of general allometric scaling laws is derived for different systems represented by tree networks. The formulation postulates self-similar networks with an arbitrary number of branches developed in each generation, and with an inhomogeneous structure given by a fractal relation between successive generations. Three idealized examples are considered: networks of masses, electric resistors, ...

Our laboratory is engaged in an ongoing analysis of a 103-compound data set containing reliable intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in the rat, dog, monkey, and human, and we have previously reported our findings regarding extrapolation of clearance. In this article, we report on our findings regarding volume of distribution and mean residence time. Various allometric and nonallometric metho...

Living organisms need energy to be 'alive'. Energy is produced by the biochemical processing of nutrients, and the rate of energy production is called the metabolic rate. Metabolism is very important from evolutionary and ecological perspectives, and for organismal development and functioning. It depends on different parameters, of which organism mass is considered to be one of the most importa...

length-weight relationship is the most commonly used analysis which has been used for several purposes in fisheries field among which estimation of weight from length is the most popular one. the present study has been performed to analyze the length-weight relationship of mystus tengara , a freshwater catfish of indian subcontinent. total length and body weight of the studied specimens have be...