Skin barrier properties are critical for maintaining epidermal water content, protecting from environmental factors, and providing first line of defense against pathogens. In this study, the effect a non-proteinogenic amino acid, L-4-Thiazolylalanine (L4), on important aspect skin health was evaluated by in vitro vivo biomarkers. 3D human models were treated with 0.3% L4. After 48h, RNA samples...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in both physiological and pathological apoptosis. ER stress triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which can then initiate apoptosis, when the cell fails to restore ER homeostasis. However, the mechanism employed by the UPR to lead cells into apoptosis is unknown. Among the three proximal sensors of ER stress, activating transcription factor-...