pavement materials have great impact on heat island control under the urban canyon layer. understanding the properties of pavement materials can help to reduce the heat island effect. introducing the main properties of pavement surfaces affecting sol-air temperature and mean radiant temperature - such as albedo, permeability, conductivity, thickness, emissivity, irradiation and convective air f...

This paper describes a system that can be used to recognize an unknown material regardless of the change of ambient temperature using temperature response curve fitting and fuzzy neural network(FNN). There are some problems to realize the recognition system using temperature response. It requires too many memories to store the vast temperature response data and it has to be filtered to remove n...

Because of concern for heat-related mortality in vulnerable populations, particularly the elderly, practical epidemiologic methods are needed for the assessment of ambient heat exposure on individuals. We used a personal monitor to measure body temperature, ambient temperature, heart rate, and activity level of 42 elderly residents of Baltimore, Maryland, in the summer months of 2000. Each part...

Since plants are sessile they must be able to sense and rapidly respond to changes in ambient temperature. Key aspects of plant development, including the transition to flowering and the circadian clock, have important inputs from ambient temperature. In the model system Arabidopsis thaliana, molecular candidates for mediating these roles have recently been uncovered, which will be critical for...

The chemical surfactant flooding can mobilize the trapped oil by lowering the interfacial tension between oil and brine and in some cases altering the reservoir rock wettability. In this work, the effect of surfactants on oil/brine interfacial tension was experimentally investigated. First, the effect of surfactants concentration was surveyed. Afterwards, the effect of salinity on surfactant be...