OBJECTIVES To elucidate the dynamics of analgesic consumption regarding intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IVPCA) during postoperative period is rather complex partly due to between-patient variation and partly due to within-patient variation. A statistical method was proposed to classify serial analgesic consumption into different classifications that were further taken as the multiple ...

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug that undergoes extensive phase I and II metabolism. To better understand the kinetics of this process and to characterize the dynamic changes in metabolism and pharmacokinetics (PK) between children and adults, we developed a physiologically based PK (PBPK) model for APAP integrating in silico, in vitro, and in vivo PK data in...

The goal of epilepsy therapy is to help patients achieve seizure freedom without adverse effects. While monotherapy is preferable in epilepsy treatment, many patients fail a first drug due to lack of efficacy or failure to tolerate an initial medication, necessitating an alteration in therapy. Sudden changes between monotherapies are rarely feasible and sometimes deleterious given potential haz...

objective:the present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities ofthe methanolic extract of piper betle leaves (mpbl). materials and methods: mpbl was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model. analgesic activity of mpbl was evaluated by hot plate, writhing, and formalin tests. total phenolic and fla...

physalis angulata is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of malaria, ulcer, pains and other diverse ailments. the present study evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic leaf extract of the plant. acetic acid-induced abdominal contraction or writhing analgesic models in swiss albino mice (13-23g) were used for studying analgesic activity of the leaf extract. 200,...

objective(s): this study aimed to develop drugs from natural sources to overcome the side effects of many of synthetic drugs. methanol extracts of both pericarp and seeds of pleiogynium solandri were used to investigate antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and renal function protective, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects and to determine the chemical composition of the extract responsible for b...