Writing assessments often make use of analytic rating scales to describe the criteria for different performance levels. However, the use of such rating scales requires a level of interpretation by raters and if several raters are involved, the reliability of examinee scores can be significantly affected (Engelhard, 1992; McNamara 1996). Variability between raters is partly managed by rater trai...

Parity symmetry is an important local feature for qualitative signal analysis. It is strongly related to the local phase of the signal. In image processing parity symmetry is a cue for the line-like or edge-like quality of a local image structure. The analytic signal is a well-known representation for 1D signals, which enables the extraction of local spectral representations as amplitude and ph...

BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the standard radical treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and may cause radiation-induced brain injury (RI). Treatment for RI remains a challenge. We conducted this study to investigate the indications of neurosurgery, operation time and prognosis of patients with RI after NPC radiotherapy who underwent neurosurgical management. METHODS This was a follow-up ...