The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is composed of two bundles, which work together to provide both antero-posterior and rotatory stability of the knee. Understanding the anatomy and function of the ACL plays a key role in management of patients with ACL injury. Anatomic ACL reconstruction aims to restore the function of the native ACL. Femoral and tibial tunnels should be placed in their an...

the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (rca) as a branch from the left anterior descending artery (lad) is a very rare variation of the single coronary artery anomaly. the anomalous vessel arises from the proximal or midportion of the lad and courses anterior to the pulmonary artery trunk in most instances. in this case report, a 61-year-old woman is introduced who underwent coronary...

x-ray coronary angiography has been a gold standard in the clinical diagnosis and interventional treatment of coronary arterialdiseases for decades. in angiography, a sequence of images is obtained, a few of which are suitable for physician inspection. thispaper proposes an automatic algorithm for the extraction of one or more frames from an angiogram sequence, which is most suitablefor diagnos...

Total upper body drainage via left superior vena cava into coronary sinus (i.e. absent right superior vena cava) is a rare anomaly and distorts the anatomy of coronary sinus and triangle of Koch. Herewith we are reporting the first report of ablation in a patient with superior vena cava draining into coronary sinus totally. This patient with atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, baseli...

Left bundle-branch block (LBBB) was found to be associated with an unusually short left main coronary artery in 11 of 12 patients studied by selective coronary arteriography. The average length of the left coronary artery in this group of 12 patients with LBBB was 4.5 + 1.7 mm as compared to 12.8 + 0.8 mm in a control group. Four of the 12 had evidence of ischemic heart disease, one had mild ao...

conclusions in most cases, the conus artery can be visualized in cardiac ct. a description of the conus artery should be a part of the standard clinical coronary ct angiography description. objectives to examine whether it is possible to visualize the conus artery in multi-slice computed tomography (ct). patients and methods in 79 consecutive patients (aged 56 ± 12.9 years; 13 women), 64-slice ...

study of n eck circumference in patients with coronary heart disease referring to the angiography ward of urmia taleghani hospital     karimipour m [1] *, karimnia a [2] , rostamzadeh ar [3]     received: 20 aug, 2011 accepted: 8 nov, 2011     abstract   background & aims : obesity is a public health problem in developing countries and is associated with cardiovascular risk factors. the aim of ...

spontaneous coronary artery dissection (scad) is a rare condition that can result in unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden death. this condition may occur particularly in women during late pregnancy and in the postpartum period. we present the case of a 33-year-old african american woman, who had spontaneous left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) dissection two weeks ...

Accessory pathway (AP) ablation is one of the most satisfying invasive electrophysiology procedures associated with high success rates and relatively few complications. Nevertheless, when APs are found on the cardiac septum, ablative procedures become complex, and unique pitfalls need to be avoided.These difficulties with septal ablation are magnified in the pediatric population. The relatively...