The introduction of disulfide bonds into proteins creates additional mechanical barriers and limits the unfolded contour length (i.e., the maximal extension) measured by single-molecule force spectroscopy. Here, we engineer single disulfide bonds into four different locations of the human cardiac titin module (I27) to control the contour length while keeping the distance to the transition state...

Aerosol optical depth measurements over Bahrain acquired through the ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network are analyzed. Optical depths obtained from ground-based sun/sky radiometers showed a pronounced temporal trend, with a maximum dust aerosol loading observed during the March to July period. The aerosol optical depth probability distribution is rather narrow with a modal value of about 0.25....

We report the first results of relativistic correlation calculation of the spectroscopic properties for the ground state of E112H and its cation in which spin-orbit interaction is taken into account non-perturbatively. Studying the properties of E112 (eka-Hg) is required for chemical identification of its long-lived isotope, (283)112. It is shown that appropriate accounting for spin-orbit effec...

The first structure of an ammonia channel from the Amt/MEP/Rh protein superfamily, determined to 1.35 angstrom resolution, shows it to be a channel that spans the membrane 11 times. Two structurally similar halves span the membrane with opposite polarity. Structures with and without ammonia or methyl ammonia show a vestibule that recruits NH4+/NH3, a binding site for NH4+, and a 20 angstrom-lon...

In this paper, we propose a cross-grating structure to enhance the critical dimension sensitivity of one dimensional nanometer scale metal gratings. Making use of the interaction between slight changes in refractive index and localized plasmons, we demonstrate sub-angstrom scale sensitivity in this structure. Compared to unaltered infinite metal gratings and truncated finite gratings, this cros...

Addressing the challenges of extreme scale computing requires holistic design of new programming models and systems that support those models. This paper discusses the Angstrom processor, which is designed to support a new Self-aware Computing (SEEC) model. In SEEC, applications explicitly state goals, while other systems components provide actions that the SEEC runtime system can use to meet t...

Synthesis, structure determination, and magnetic properties are reported for the metastable and crystal-chemically isotypic phases cobalt carbodiimide, CoNCN, and nickel carbodiimide, NiNCN, adopting the hexagonal system and space group P63/mmc (NiAs type) with interatomic distances of Co-N = 2.17 Angstrom and Ni-N = 2.12 Angstrom and an octahedral coordination of the transition-metal ions; the...

The effects of contriving motivating operations (MOs) and script fading on the acquisition of the mand "Where's [object]?" were evaluated in 2 boys with language delays. During each session, trials were alternated in which high-preference items were present (abolishing operation [AO] trials) or missing (establishing operation [EO] trials) from their typical locations. Both participants learned ...

A superconducting undulator is installed in the ANKA (ANgstrom source KArlsruhe) storage ring since March 2005. The beam heat load and pressure on the cold bore have been analysed in the first two years of operation, during which the undulator was operated mainly with open gap. We report here on a larger statistics of beam heat load and pressure data collected in the last years with the undulat...