The analysis of microsporogenesis in endogamous plants of popcorn (S5 to S7) showed several and distinct interchanges which involve the nucleolus organizer (chromosome 6). The detection of cells with interchanges was facilitated by the presence of two nucleoli of different sizes in contrast to normal ones with a single big nucleolus. Interchange points do not always seem to be at the same place...

Let G be a Class 1 graph with maximum degree 4 and let t ≥ 5 be an integer. We show that any proper t-edge coloring of G can be transformed to any proper 4-edge coloring of G using only transformations on 2-colored subgraphs (so-called interchanges). This settles the smallest previously unsolved case of a well-known problem of Vizing on interchanges, posed in 1965. Using our result we give an a...

The rapid advancement of urban transportation in modern China has driven economic developments. However, the progressively congested traffic conditions have affected productivity and daily life people. To mitigate congestion problem, necessary road designs should be implemented along highways, for example highway interchanges. application interchanges past cases proven to effectively avoid flow...

OBJECTIVE Driving the wrong way on freeways, namely wrong-way driving (WWD), has been found to be a major concern for more than 6 decades. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of this type of crash as well as to rank the locations/interchanges according to their vulnerability to WWD entries. METHODS The WWD crash data on Illinois freeways were statistically analyzed for a...

Ein weltweiter Containertransport durchläuft im Rahmen der gesamten Transportkette typischerweise eineVielzahl vonVerantwortungsbereichen. Bei den Interchanges (Übergabe von Conatiner und Verantwortlichkeit) werden lediglich Containerverlust und deutliche Außenschäden entdeckt. Häufig kommt dieWare zerstört beim Empfänger an, obwohl der Container unversehrt ist und alle Interchanges ohne Beanst...

THE FLORAS of Formosa and the Philippines are, in spite of the ir geographic proximity , distinctive in their general nature. The tw<? regions wereseparated by the Formosan rift (the Bashi Channel), probably in the early Tertiary, long' before their connections with other respective neighboring areas were severed. Thus the bulk of the Formosan flora was derived from China or from other floras t...

Several existing procedural modeling systems are able to generate large 3D models of cities. However, none of these systems can automatically create 3D models of freeways and freeway interchanges, even though these are important features in 3D urban landscape. We have implemented a system that automatically creates 3D models of road surfaces, bridges, tunnels, freeways, and freeway interchanges...