C onstruction is of prime economic significance to many industry sectors. Intense competition, shortages of skilled labor, and technological advances are forcing rapid change in the construction industry, thus motivating construction automation [1]. Earthmoving machines, such as bulldozers, wheel loaders, excavators, scrapers, and graders, are common in construction. Excavationbased operations ...

nowadays deep excavations are needed for construction of foundation of high rise buildings, providing space for parking and etc. in some cases deep excavations may be constructed in the vicinity of the subway tunnels and causes unpredicted extra displacements and internal forces in tunnel lining of tunnels which were not designed for them and consequently affect serviceability of tunnel. theref...

PURPOSE To report the case of an eye with normal tension glaucoma and a choroidal excavation. METHODS This is an observational case report. RESULTS A 59-year-old woman with normal tension glaucoma had a choroidal excavation in the left eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure were within normal limits and had been stable for 5 years. Fundus examination showed a small w...

PURPOSE We reported the clinical and echographic features of colobomas, prevalence of retinal detachment, and associated visual acuity in these patients. METHODS The study is a nonrandomized consecutive case series of 140 colobomatous eyes in 98 patients (age range, 0-83 years). Coloboma depth, width, volume, and relative coloboma excavation (coloboma depth/axial length) were measured using s...

The aims of this in vitro study were both to determine the time necessary for removal of carious dentin (efficiency) and the Knoop Hardness Number (KHN) of the remaining dentin (effectiveness), using a chemomechanical method (Carisolv) or hand excavation. Thirty human molars were bisected through occlusal carious lesions into two equal halves. Each half was randomly excavated by hand in circula...

PURPOSE To report a case of choroidal excavation accompanied by Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH). METHODS A 54-year-old Japanese woman who was complaining of bilateral blurring of vision associated with headache underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography as well as a routine ophthalmological examination. RESULTS Fundoscopy show...

This study investigated the vault settlement characteristics of an unsymmetrically loaded tunnel which was excavated by annular excavation via core rock support method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to design the experiments, evaluate the results with the purpose of optimizing the value of design parameters for reducing the vault settlement. The parameters such as horizontal d...

Nowadays deep excavations are needed for construction of foundation of high rise buildings, providing space for parking and etc. In some cases deep excavations may be constructed in the vicinity of the subway tunnels and causes unpredicted extra displacements and internal forces in tunnel lining of tunnels which were not designed for them and consequently affect serviceability of tunnel. Theref...

Background: Since the high-rise buildings and deep underground structures dramatically increases in urban area, the decent design and construction of deep excavations is essential before these structures are actually built up. The building area is very susceptible to the changes of their geo-environment, and even minor insecurity of a deep excavation may lead to a catastrophic failure of struct...

annular pancreas is a rare congenital condition of the pancreas where the pancreatic tissue either partially or completely covers the duodenum by forming a ring. endoscopic ultrasound is rarely considered as the first diagnosis tool for annular pancreas. we here present a 48 years old man who was primarily provisionally diagnosed with pancreatic mass and was planned for pancreatoduodenectomy. b...