Background Foot and ankle complaints are common in people with hypermobility. Children with hypermobility (Beighton score ≥4/9) were recruited for a longitudinal study from The Children’s Hospital at Westmead in Sydney, Australia. Baseline data included Beighton score, BMI for age, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), Foot Posture Index (FPI), anterior drawer, subtalar inversion stress test, Low...

Background Diagnosing an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture based on a physical examination remains a challenge for both surgeons and physical therapists. The lever sign test was developed to overcome the practical limitations of other tests and to optimize diagnosis. An evaluation of the measurement properties of the lever sign test is needed to make adequate interpretations in practice....

To cite: Ellanti P, Mulhall KJ. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2014207516 DESCRIPTION A 19-year-old male presented with a rupture of the previously reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of his right knee. He had sustained his initial injury 4 years previously while playing soccer and had undergone an ACL reconstruction with an ipsilateral...

Objective: To asses the validity of three physical diagnostic tests for the demonstration of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL): the anterior drawer test, the Lachman test, and the pivot shift test. Design: Meta-analysis of diagnostic studies. Data sources: From computerised searches of Medline (1966–2004) and Embase (1980–2004), publications were selected that were written in Engl...

BACKGROUND Articulated external fixation has been proposed as a method to protect ligament reconstructions while allowing aggressive and early postoperative rehabilitation after knee dislocation. However, the ability of these fixators to protect and stabilize the knee joint has not been clearly determined. HYPOTHESIS Articulated external fixation can reduce anteroposterior translation in the ...

Anterior drawer test: This test is performed with the knee flexed to approximately 90 degrees. Ideally, the patient’s foot should point straight ahead and be secured by sitting directly on the toes of the patient. The examiner’s hands are placed around the proximal tibia with the thumbs placed on the tibial tubercle. A gentle to and fro rocking motion is performed to determine the degree of ant...

INTRODUCTION Quantifying talocrural joint laxity after ankle sprain is problematic. Stress ultrasonography (US) can image the lateral talocrural joint and allow the measurement of the talofibular interval, which may suggest injury to the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL). The acute talofibular interval changes after lateral ankle sprain are unknown. METHODS Twenty-five participants (9 male...

BACKGROUND The comprehension of human knee laxity and of the failures of relevant surgical reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can be enhanced by the knowledge of the laximetric status of the contralateral healthy knee (CHK). Rarely this is available in patients, directly from the skeletal structures, and for a number of the standard clinical tests. The general aim of this s...

Although the anterior drawer test at the ankle joint is commonly used in routine clinical practice, very little is known about the sharing of load between the individual passive structures and the joint response at different flexion angles.A mathematical model of the ankle joint was devised to calculate ligament fibre recruitment and load/displacement curves at different flexion angles. Ligamen...

Anterior and posterior drawer tests of the shoulder are described. Their purpose is to detect anterior and posterior shoulder instability and thereby to eliminate some of the failures of operative treatment. Their value in assessing unidirectional and multidirectional instability both before and after operation is discussed.