We assessed the occurrence of human cutaneous anthrax in Georgia during 2010--2012 by examining demographic and spatial characteristics of reported cases. Reporting increased substantially, as did clustering of cases near urban centers. Control efforts, including education about anthrax and livestock vaccination, can be directed at areas of high risk.

Anthrax is an infectious zoonotic disease. It is transmitted to humans via infected animals and infected animal products. It was estimated that worldwide between 20,000 and 100,000 cases occurred annually. Anthrax can be seen in Africa, Central America, Albania, Central Asia, the Middle East, Spain, Greece, Romania, and Turkey. Anthrax is rare in the United States and Canada. The prevalence is ...

We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess cattle owners' awareness, perceptions, and attitudes toward zoonoses, with particular emphasis regarding anthrax. Data on awareness of zoonoses, clinical signs of anthrax in animals and human, its routes of transmission and methods of prevention, the families' consumption habits of anthrax-infected carcasses, and other family activities that increa...

for evaluation the stability and potency of anthrax vaccine prepared in razi vaccine and serum research institute in iran, samples of different batches of vaccine were kept at 4-8 °c (refrigerator), 20-25 °c (room temperature) and 37 °c (incubator).the viable spores/ml of vaccines were determined using plate–counting method before and after holding at different temperatures monthly. vaccine pot...

On November 19, 2001, a case of inhalational anthrax was identified in a 94-year-old Connecticut woman, who later died. We conducted intensive surveillance for additional anthrax cases, which included collecting data from hospitals, emergency departments, private practitioners, death certificates, postal facilities, veterinarians, and the state medical examiner. No additional cases of anthrax w...

Anthrax vaccination has been used in an effort to prevent infection should anthrax be used as a biological weapon, and widespread use has been considered in the event of another anthrax attack on American soil, but the long-term impact of anthrax vaccination on reproductive outcome is unknown. We found that exposure to the anthrax vaccine by males who were undergoing assisted reproduction did n...

purpose : among the three forms of anthrax in human (cutaneous, inhalational, and gastrointestinal), cutaneous anthrax is the most common form with prevalence of 95%. the cutaneous anthrax is a rare cause of periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis that may remained without correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. this may result in severe local complications such as blindness and airway obstruct...

Limitation of a bioterrorist anthrax attack will require rapid and accurate recognition of the earliest victims. To identify clinical characteristics of inhalational anthrax, we compared 47 historical cases (including 11 cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax) with 376 controls with community-acquired pneumonia or influenza-like illness. Nausea, vomiting, pallor or cyanosis, diaphoresis, altered...

Naturally occurring anthrax disproportionately affects the health and economic welfare of poor, rural communities in anthrax-endemic countries. However, many of these countries have limited anthrax prevention and control programs. Effective prevention of anthrax outbreaks among humans is accomplished through routine livestock vaccination programs and prompt response to animal outbreaks. The Cen...

Hemorrhage is a prominent clinical manifestation of systemic anthrax. Therefore, we have examined the effects of anthrax lethal and edema toxins on human platelets. We find that anthrax lethal toxin fails to cleave its target, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, and anthrax edema toxin fails to increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Surface expression of toxin receptors tumor en...