Severe acute pancreatitis is frequently complicated by local and systemic infections resulting in substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Antibiotic prophylaxis may prevent some infections. We searched for randomized, controlled trials comparing antibiotic prophylaxis with no prophylaxis in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Only trials that used antibiotics th...

Thyroid surgery is a clean procedure and therefore antibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely recommended by most international guidelines. However, antibiotics are often used in clinical practice. We enrolled 2926 patients who performed a thyroid surgical operation between the years 2009 and 2011 in the 38 centers of endocrine surgery that joined the UEC--Italian Endocrine Surgery Units Associati...

PURPOSE Infectious, wound and soft tissue events contribute to the morbidity of radical cystectomy but the association between these events and antibiotic prophylaxis is not clear. We sought to describe the contemporary use of antibiotic prophylaxis in radical cystectomy and adherence to published guidelines, and identify regimens with the lowest rates of infectious events. MATERIALS AND METH...

Antibiotic prophylaxis means administration of antibiotics in prevention of infections. It can be a primary, secondary (suppression) and eradicating one. Basic questions related to antibiotic prophylaxis are as follows: the timing of prophylactic administration of antibiotics, duration of antibiotic prophylaxis and the choice of antibiotics for antibiotic prophylaxis [1]. While we are deciding ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate incidence and risk factors of postoperative meningitis, with special emphasis on antibiotic prophylaxis, in a series of 6243 consecutive craniotomies. METHODS Meningitis was individualized from a prospective surveillance database of surgical site infections after craniotomy. Ventriculitis related to external ventricular drainage or cerebrospinal fluid shunt were excluded...

Back-calculation is a process whereby generally unobservable features of an event leading to a disease outbreak can be inferred either in real-time or shortly after the end of the outbreak. These features might include the time when persons were exposed and the source of the outbreak. Such inferences are important as they can help to guide the targeting of mitigation strategies and to evaluate ...

OBJECTIVE Antibiotic prophylaxis is used to minimize infectious complications resulting from interventions. Side-effects and development of microbial resistance patterns are risks of the use of antibiotics. Therefore, the use should be well considered and based on high levels of evidence. In this review, all available evidence on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in urology is gathered, assesse...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the efficacy of short-term (<24 hours) versus longer-term antibiotic prophylaxis (≥24 hours) in open heart surgery. BACKGROUND The optimal duration of antibiotic prophylaxis for adults undergoing cardiac surgery is unknown and guideline recommendations are inconsistent. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL for parallel-group randomized trial...