An anticipatory system S2 is one which contains a model of a system S1 with which it interacts. This model is a predictive model; its present states provide information about future states of S1. Further, the present state of the model causes a change of state in other subsystems of S2; these subsystems are (a) involved in the interaction of S2 with S1, and (b) they do not affect (that is, are ...

This eye tracking study investigated the degree to which biological motion information from manual point-light displays provides sufficient information to elicit anticipatory eye movements. We compared gaze performance of adults observing a biological motion point-light display of a hand reaching for a goal object or a non-biological version of the same event. Participants anticipated the goal ...

Purpose – This article aims to be an expository introduction to Robert Rosen’s anticipatory systems, the theory of which provides the conceptual basis for foresight studies. Design/methodology/approach – The ubiquity of anticipatory systems in nature is explained. Findings – Causality is not violated by anticipatory systems, and teleology is an integral aspect of science. Practical implications...

In this article, we present a novel experimental approach to the study of anticipation in probabilistic cuing. We implemented a modified spatial cuing task in which participants made an anticipatory hand movement toward one of two probabilistic targets while the (x, y)-computer mouse coordinates of their hand movements were sampled. This approach allowed us to tap into anticipatory processes as...

The term "predictive brain" depicts one of the most relevant concepts in cognitive neuroscience which emphasizes the importance of "looking into the future", namely prediction, preparation, anticipation, prospection or expectations in various cognitive domains. Analogously, it has been suggested that predictive processing represents one of the fundamental principles of neural computations and t...

Living organisms persist by virtue of complex interactions among many components organized into dynamic, environment-responsive networks that span multiple scales and dimensions. Biological networks constitute a type of information and communication technology (ICT): they receive information from the outside and inside of cells, integrate and interpret this information, and then activate a resp...