Purpose. To consider the experience of first in Russian science universal history invoking topic Islamic world formation Arabia at beginning VII century.
 
 The article presents results studying classic problem for historical – role personality history. In our case, Prophet Muhammad acts as such a character context “prophet hero”, he is considered by some European historians middle XI...

Policing constantly places its practitioners in situations in which good ends can be achieved by dirty means. When the ends to be achieved are urgent and unquestionably good and only a dirty means will work to achieve them, the policeman faces a genuine moral dilemma. A genuine moral dilemma is a situation from which one cannot emerge innocent no matter what one does-employ a dirty means, emplo...

I view interactive fiction in its present stage as an immature medium capable of artistic development. [We] are at the beginning what could be explosive development [and while] games like Adventure do not yet have a generally accepted name … “Adventure games” might win out long run, much “Kleenex” is used instead “facial tissue.” (Buckles 6–9) [Adventure games] resemble Donkey Kong, Space Invad...