Background: Essential oils of medicinal plants such as chamomile are very complex natural mixtures which can contain compounds at quite different concentrations and some of their components have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in foodstuff. Objective: The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of chamomile essential oil in cake preparation were evaluated during 75 days of storag...

Use of substances with antimicrobial properties is known to have been common practice for at least 2000 years. Ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks used specific molds and plant extracts to treat infection. More recently, microbiologists such as Louis Pasteur and Jules Francois Joubert observed antagonism for some bacteria and discussed the merits of controlling these interactions in medicine. ...

INTRODUCTION................................................................. 13 PRECLINICAL TESTING STAGES ................................................................. 13 Discovery of New Antibiotics ................................................................. 13 Establishment of SAR ................................................................. 15 Animal Models for Studying the P...

The pharmacokinetics of apalcillin and piperacillin, each administered intravenously as a single 2-g dose, were compared in 10 volunteers in a randomized study of crossover design using bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedures. The concentrations of both penicillins in serum were determined over a period of 12 h and in urine over 24 h. Concentrations of apalcillin and pipera...

Among gram-negative bacilli isolated from burn wound cultures, some strains of Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to tobramycin (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC ]> 20 ,g/ml) but susceptible to gentamicin (MIC < 5 ,gg/ml). One Klebsiella pneumoniae and two Enterobacter cloacae strains were selected for studies on their mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Resistance to hi...

The relative ability of 44 erythromycin analogues to bind to ribosomes was determined by their effect on ['4C]erythromycin binding to Escherichia coli ribosomes. The association and dissociation constants of each of these erythromycin derivatives were determined as well as their interaction coefficient for their binding to ribosomes. Substitutions were made on various portions of the erythromyc...

Micro-Media Systems (MMS) has developed a procedure by which microdilution trays can be filled with dilutions of antimicrobial agents, frozen, and distributed to clinical laboratories. The trays are prepared in various distribution centers throughout the United States to supply clinical laboratories in the vicinity of each center. For use, trays are removed from the freezer, allowed to thaw, an...

Gentamicin Clb is 6'-N-methylgentamicin Cia. This antibiotic is coproduced, as one of minor components, in the standard gentamicin fermentation. Kershner (Ph.D. thesis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J., 1971) first described its presence in trace amounts in gentamicin preparations. Daniels and co-workers (2) reported its isolation, purification, and characterization from fermentation bot...

Use of Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Analysis for Improved Precision of Early Pharmacodynamic Measures in Tuberculosis Treatment Geraint R. Davies,* Richard Brindle, Saye H. Khoo, and Leon J. Aarons Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Portsmouth Hospitals, Portsmouth, United Kingdom; Department ...

Hyperacute infections, i.e., infections which are often fatal within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms, and resistant strains of organisms, account for the vast majority of failures in the use of antibiotics. A few cases cannot be classified into either category and remain as unexplained failures. The magnitude of the problem of hypenacute infections can be judged by the fact that in a contag...