Folic acid (FA) is known to be an important supplement to prevent neural tube defect (NTD) in pregnant women. Similar to some commercial formulations, sodium bicarbonate solution is used as a solvent for FA. This work uses the antisolvent vapour precipitation (AVP), incorporating ethanol vapour as the convective drying medium in place of air to produce branch-like micro-structure FA particles. ...

A spray sonocrystallization (SSC) method is described here for the crystallization of pharmaceutical agents that provides for a tunable crystal size and narrow size distribution in the submicron regime. SSC uses a tapped, flow-through ultrasonic horn (20 kHz) to spray very fine droplets of the solute-containing solution into a continuous flow of antisolvent which induces immediate crystallizati...

The development of an antisolvent crystallization process requires the construction accurate phase diagram for this ternary system compound, solvent and antisolvent, preferably as a function temperature. This study gives efficient methodology to systematically determine such diagrams, exemplified with four model compounds: Sodium bromate, DL-Asparagine Monohydrate, Mefenamic acid Lovastatin. Us...

The design of crystallization processes becomes more complicated when mixing affects the final crystal product quality (e.g., crystal size distribution and polymorphic form). Such mixing effects are more apparent in antisolvent and reactive crystallizations, which involve the blending of different fluids, and in large-scale crystallizers, where homogeneity cannot be easily achieved. In this pap...

Micronization of minocycline hydrochloride dissolved in ethanol and with supercritical carbon dioxide as antisolvent was successfully performed using a recently built SAS apparatus. Amorphous particles of minocycline ranging from 100 to 1000 nm (depending on the operating conditions) were obtained. The mean particle size and the particle size distribution were determined by Dynamic Light Scatte...

The purpose of this study was to find an artificial neural networks model for determining major factors impacting the stability of an acetaminophen nanosuspansion that was prepared using nanoprecipitation in microfluidic reactors. Four variables, namely concentration of surfactant, solvent and antisolvent flow rate and solvent temperature were used as input variables and time of sedimentation o...

The aim of this study was to prepare micronized taxifolin powder using the supercritical antisolvent precipitation process to improve the dissolution rate of taxifolin. Ethanol was used as solvent and carbon dioxide was used as an antisolvent. The effects of process parameters, such as temperature (35-65 °C), pressure (10-25 MPa), solution flow rate (3-6 mL/min) and concentration of the liquid ...

In this study, folic-dextran-camptothecin (Fa-DEX-CPT) tumor-targeted nanoparticles were produced with a supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technique by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent and carbon dioxide as an antisolvent. A factorial design was used to reveal the effect of various process parameters on the mean particle size (MPS) and morphology of the particles formed. Under the opt...

Antisolvent addition has been widely studied in crystallization the pharmaceutical industries by breaking solvation balance of original solution. Here we report a similar antisolvent strategy to boost Zn reversibility via regulation electrolyte on molecular level. By adding for example methanol into ZnSO4 electrolyte, free water and coordinated Zn2+ sheath gradually interact with antisolvent, w...

The objective of this work was to investigate the application of supercritical carbon dioxide as antisolvent for the co-precipitation of -carotene and poly(hydroxybutirate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with dichloromethane as organic solvent. For this purpose, the concentrations of -carotene (1 to 8 mg.cm) and PHBV (20 to 40 mg.cm) in the organic solution were varied keeping fixed temperature at 3...