A novel direct-laser writing fabrication process for micro-axicons is demonstrated. A fiber-axicon-generated Bessel beam was utilized to write on UV-curable optical epoxy to form new axicons and axicon arrays, and geometrical parameters of the replicated epoxy axicons were analyzed in terms of both apex angle and proximity of the writing axicons. The shape of the fabricated axicons was demonstr...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate change in the sagittal position of point A due to orthodontic treatment by orthodontic community-cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 subjects (22 males and 18 females) who had Class II division 2 malocclusion were recruited, and 40 subjects (23 males and 17 females) who had minor crowding in the beginning of the treatm...

OBJECTIVES To compare and characterize the ideal nasolabial angle, nasal tip width, and location of the eyebrow apex for Asian and white women. METHODS From approximately January 1, 2005, to June 30, 2005, we photographed the faces of 2 Asian women and 2 white women of differing ages. Each model's image was modified to create different eyebrow shapes, unique nasolabial angles, and varying nas...

Background Rocker shoes are often prescribed to reduce in-shoe pressures in order to minimise the risk of ulceration in diabetic patients. However, the efficacy of the 3 principal design features of a rocker shoe (apex position, rocker angle and apex angle, see Figure 1) is unknown. Only one known study to date has systematically varied 2 of the 3 design features [1]. Therefore the aim of this ...

BACKGROUND Several studies have described the differences in electromyographic activity and histological changes of paravertebral muscles in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, there is little knowledge about the muscle volumetric and fatty infiltration imbalance of patients with AIS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-four patients with AIS were evaluated with standardized a...

Fluid channels with inclined solid walls (e.g. cone- and slit-shaped pores) have wide and promising applications in micro- and nano-engineering and science. In this paper, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the mechanisms of water infiltration (adsorption) into cone-shaped nanopores made of a hydrophobic graphene sheet. When the apex angle is relatively small, an external...

Abstract: Mathematical modeling of planing hulls and determination of their characteristics are the most important subjects in hydrodynamic study of planing vessels. In this paper, a new mathematical model has been developed based on pressure distribution. This model has been provided for two different situations: (1) for a situation in which all forces pass through the center of gravity and (2...

The emission efficiency of novel surface conduction electron-emitters corresponding to tilted angles (u) of a nanogap-typed driving cathode is optimised. Among the parameters of the emitter profile, the apex angle is the most significant because the smaller angles induce a higher electric field. The higher electric field then attracts more particles into vacuum and then increases the emission c...

We report on the synthesis of nanostructured and crystalline tapered Si and Ge polyhedra via metal-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition. These Si and Ge nanocones (SiNCs, GeNCs) possess tips with near-atomic sharpness, micron-scaled bases, hexagonal cross-sections, and controllable apex angles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction and Raman scatter...

We propose an excitation method for the localization of photons at the apex of a metal coated axicon prism. The cone angle of the prism and the metallic film thickness are designed to match the excitation conditions for surface plasmons. The plasmons propagate along the sides of the prism and converge at its apex. The resulting nanofocusing was investigated by simulating the intensity distribut...