Breast apocrine carcinoma is a rare malignancy characterized histologically by a predominance of acidophilic tumor cells exhibiting apocrine metaplasia. Apocrine tumors represent only about 0.4% of all breast cancers. Many cases are diagnosed at stage I or II; thus, the prognosis is better than that for other types of breast cancer. Here we present a 57-year-old female patient with primary apoc...

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the major salivary glands is rare and can simulate a slow growing tumour. It is pseudoencapsulated and includes tubuloacinar adenosis with dilated ducts, apocrine metaplasia, epithelial hyperplasia, and cystic changes associated with fibrosis. The histological appearance of the lesion is similar to that of fibrocystic disease of the breast. The multifocal natur...

formation, epithelial hyperplasia, adenosis, and apocrine metaplasia (1,2). Nearly 40% of women of childbearing age have fibrocystic changes (3-4). F.C.C pathogenesis is not quite clear. In an article, it is attributed to the breast tissue’s response to the monthly changes in estrogen and progesterone levels (5). Another article attributes it to the increased levels of estrogen and lower levels...

PURPOSE Our aim was to investigate the distribution of CD34 and smooth muscle cell actin positive myofibroblasts in the stroma of the normal mammary gland, benign and malignant tumors. The observations were especially focused on the diagnostic value of the cumulative results obtained with these immunoreactions. METHODS Our study included 112 female patients with suspect breast masses obtained...

AIMS To review 25 cases of breast hamartoma and discuss the pathological criteria, and the usefulness of imaging modalities, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and needle core biopsy in the diagnosis. METHODS The hamartomas were assessed for interlobular fibrotic stroma, stromal adipose tissue content, pseudo-angiomatous stromal hyperplasia, and epithelial changes (hyperplasia, adenosis ...

Any cell in the body may undergo a variety of changes. One of the most interesting of these is the morphologic transformation of a normal adult cell into another related, yet histologically distinct, type. Thus, the columnar epithelium of the bron chial tree may be transformed into squamous epi thelium of a normal adult type. This process is known as metaplasia. It has recently attracted specia...