Nevus sebaceus is a benign hamartoma of the epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous and apocrine glands. It typically appears as a yellow-orange to pink, finely papillomatous alopecic plaque that is often oval or linear. It usually presents at birth, preferentially affects the scalp and face, and is not uncommon, occurring in approximately 1 in 1,000 live births [1]. A recent study by Groesser...

Apocrine metaplasia is a very common finding in the female breast after the age of 25. It is so common that many people regard it as a normal component of the breast. This, however, is only really the case in apocrine sweat glands of the axilla and in the peri-areolar apocrine glands. The apocrine cell does, however, contribute to a number of different breast lesions, some of which are very tax...

BACKGROUND Apocrine carcinoma is rare and often occurs in the axilla. This is the second apocrine carcinoma arising in bilateral axillae with associated apocrine hyperplasia to be reported. AIMS/METHODS Because benign apocrine tumours may be precursors of cancer, this case was investigated immunohistochemically and histologically, and a literature (English and Japanese) review undertaken of c...

We report a case of adenocarcinoma affecting the chin of a 48-year-old man. The tumor showed signs of apocrine differentiation and had infiltrated the muscle. The patient had no history or clinical evidence of breast cancer. We made a diagnosis of cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma. Apocrine adenocarcinoma rarely arises in areas with scarce apocrine glands. We reviewed the literature on apocrine...

OBJECTIVE Apocrine carcinoma, a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, expresses androgen receptor (AR), but often lacks estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR). In the present study, the author immunohistochemically defined apocrine-type carcinoma as ER-/PgR-/AR+ invasive ductal carcinoma and analyzed the significance of apocrine-type carcinoma as triple-negative br...

Purpose: Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is rare and there is confusion about the criteria of its histopathologic diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disease. Methods: 9 patients diagnosed with apocrine carcinoma or apocrine carcinoma in situ and 1,009 patients diagnosed with non-apocrine carcinoma of the breast from April 1...