Sixty isolates of Penicillium expansum were tested for patulin production in decaying apples. All the isolates were found to produce the mycotoxin patulin as determined by thin-layer chromatography. Since patulin is known to be stable in many apple products, the results indicate that apple products made partially from apples decayed by P. expansum will contain patulin which may present a health...

In this work we develop a real time system that recognizes occluded green apples within a tree canopy using infra-red and color images in order to achieve automated harvesting. Infra-red provides clues regarding the physical structure and location of the apples based on their temperature (leaves accumulate less heat and radiate faster than apples), while color images provide evidence of circula...

Organic producers have limited methods of avoiding plant diseases that result in cosmetic damage to produce. Therefore, the appearance of organic produce is often less than perfect. We use an experimental auction to investigate how cosmetic damage affects consumers’ willingness to pay for organic apples. We find that 75% of the participants are willing to pay more for organic than for conventio...

Apples comprise an important part of everyday diet. This fruit contains micronutrients such as vitamins, calcium, zinc, and fluoride. Moreover, apples contain a high percentage of dietary fiber. Apple is also rich in phytochemicals which act as antioxidants. This fruit is considered to be beneficial for overall health. But are apples effective in preserving oral health? This brief review provid...

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze whether the wholesale price of apples sold in the Korean action-based wholesale market is statistically significantly different at the aggregate and disaggregate levels, or not. It means that the researchers in this study empirically analyzed to identify day-of-the-week effects in Korean wholesale price of apples. The results of this study sho...

This research used digital images to explore some of the factors responsible for consumer preference of visual characteristics of apples (Malus ×domestica Borkh.). The images systematically varied in color and shape (Expt. A: 9 images) and type, shape, and background color (Expt. B: 10 images), while keeping apple size constant. Visual assessments of the apple images were collected from 144 con...

Fresh apples are typically stored for up to 1 year commercially; different apple varieties require different storage temperatures to maintain their quality characteristics. There is sparse information available about Listeria monocytogenes survival on fresh apples under various storage temperatures. The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effect of storage temperature on...