Verberne, Anthony J. M., Daniela M. Sartor, and Ayse Berke. Midline medullary depressor responses are mediated by inhibition of RVLM sympathoexcitatory neurons in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45): R1054–R1062, 1999.—Mechanisms underlying the depressor and sympathoinhibitory responses evoked from the caudal medullary raphe (MR) region were investigated in pent...

Saluja, A. K., L. Bhagat, H. S. Lee, M. Bhatia, J. L. Frossard, and M. L. Steer. Secretagogue-induced digestive enzyme activation and cell injury in rat pancreatic acini. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G835–G842, 1999.—The mechanisms responsible for intrapancreatic digestive enzyme activation as well as the relationship between that activation and cell injury during panc...

Meddings, J. B., J. Jarand, S. J. Urbanski, J. Hardin, and D. G. Gall. Increased gastrointestinal permeability is an early lesion in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G951–G957, 1999.—The BB rat spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes. Feeding these animals a hydrolyzed casein diet significantly reduces the incidence of this disease, su...

Horská, Alena, Larry J. Brant, Donald K. Ingram, Richard G. Hansford, George S. Roth, and Richard G. S. Spencer. Effect of long-term caloric restriction and exercise on muscle bioenergetics and force development in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Endocrinol. Metab. 39): E766–E773, 1999.—We evaluated the hypothesis that long-term caloric restriction and exercise would have beneficial effects on muscl...

Kozma, Fruzsina, Robert A. Johnson, Fan Zhang, Changhua Yu, Xianglan Tong, and Alberto Nasjletti. Contribution of endogenous carbon monoxide to regulation of diameter in resistance vessels. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45): R1087–R1094, 1999.— Endogenous carbon monoxide was proposed to subserve vasodepressor functions. If so, inhibition of heme oxygenase may be exp...

Currie, Suzanne, Bruce L. Tufts, and Christopher D. Moyes. Influence of bioenergetic stress on heat shock protein gene expression in nucleated red blood cells of fish. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45): R990–R996, 1999.—The physiological and biochemical signals that induce stress protein (HSP) synthesis remain conjectural. In this study, we used the nucleated red bl...

NADES PALANIYAR,1 ROSS A. RIDSDALE,1 STEPHEN A. HEARN,2 YEW MENG HENG,3 F. PETER OTTENSMEYER,3 FRED POSSMAYER,4 AND GEORGE HARAUZ1 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1; 2Department of Pathology, St. Joseph’s Health Center, London N6A 4L6; 3Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Department of Medical Biophysics, ...

Mack, David R., Sonia Michail, Shu Wei, Laura McDougall, and Michael A. Hollingsworth. Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E. coli adherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G941–G950, 1999.—Probiotic agents, live microorganisms with beneficial effects for the host, may offer an alternative to conventional antimicrobia...

Farrell, Peter A., Mark J. Fedele, Thomas C. Vary, Scot R. Kimball, Charles H. Lang, and Leonard S. Jefferson. Regulation of protein synthesis after acute resistance exercise in diabetic rats. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Endocrinol. Metab. 39): E721–E727, 1999.—These studies determined whether insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) involvement in exercise-stimulated anabolic processes becomes more evide...

BACKGROUND Pyrazinamide (PZA) is essential in tuberculosis treatment. We describe the prevalence, trends, and predictors of PZA resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in the United States. METHODS We analyzed culture-positive MTBC cases with reported drug susceptibility tests for PZA in 38 jurisdictions routinely testing for PZA susceptibility from 1999 to 2009. National Tube...