BACKGROUND Hyperopia is a risk factor for esotropia and amblyopia. A previous study indicated that disc areas (DAs) are reduced in patients with amblyopia. OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a difference in the relative size of the optic disc in hyperopic eyes without strabismus or amblyopia compared with esotropic and amblyopic eyes, the relationship of axial length (AXL) to DA in subjects w...

あらまし ディジタルカメラを入力デバイスとして実環境中の文字を高精度に認識するために,文字画像と同 時に認識補助のための付加情報を提示する方法が検討されている.付加情報は,人間にとって自然な形で提示さ れること,及び,幾何学的変形に対してロバストに抽出できることが要求される.本論文では,これらの要求を 満たす手法として,面積比を利用した付加情報提示手法を提案する.すなわち,文字パターンを 2 色で印字する ことを前提とし,それぞれの色の領域の面積比を特定の値とするようにデザインする.具体的には,文字に影を 付加したり輪郭線を別の色とする.これらは文字パターンのデザインとして既に行われており,提案手法はその 線幅や面積を変えるにすぎない.したがって,提案手法は様々な用途に広く応用することが可能である.面積比 はアフィン変換に不変であり,アフィン変換を受けた環境においても誤りなく抽出され...

b number of arc segments within curve CF thrust coefficient CF;w weighted thrust coefficient Cx nozzle length-weight coefficient E numerical error k turbulent kinetic energy, m s−2 L total contour axial length, m Ma Mach number P static pressure, Pa r radius, m TW thrust-to-weight ratio x horizontal distance, m y vertical distance, m ε turbulent dissipation rate, m s−3 θ angle, deg ω specific d...

This paper describes a new methodology to be utilized in assessing the level of coordination difficulty on the basis of the actual terrain profile between IMT-Advanced (fixed and mobile users) and FSS (Fixed satellite services) for a specific site. This methodology can be use to asses the effectiveness of mitigation techniques based on the use of directional antennas, which takes into account t...

BACKGROUND Electrocochleography (ECochG) is useful in supporting the diagnosis of Meniere disease (MD). Possible MD (early disease as defined by the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium) is a readily treatable form of MD. OBJECTIVES To identify whether ECochG summating potential/action potential (SP/AP) area curve measures are more...

An important measure of the capitalland ratio in urban areas is the Floor Area Ratio (FAR), which gives a building’s total floor area divided by the plot size. Variations in the FAR across cities remain an understudied measure of urban spatial structure. We examine how the FAR varies across the five boroughs of New York City. In particular, we focus on the FAR gradient over the 20 century. Firs...

We tested the hypothesis that the leaf area/sapwood area ratio in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is influenced by site differences in water vapor pressure deficit of the air (D). Two stands of the same provenance were selected, one in western Scotland and one in eastern England, so that effects resulting from age, genetic variability, density and fertility were minimized. Compared with the Sc...

In most of studies on nasal vowel production, the nasal tract area at the uvula is used. The ratio between the nasal and the oral tract areas is also proposed. The aim of this paper is to determine which velar variable is more relevant of acoustic changes in nasal vowel transfer functions. It can be considered that each value of a velar variable corresponds to a probability distribution in the ...