years later Perroncito sketched the microbe. Detailed observations were not made 011 t1, disease until 1879-80, when Toussaint demonstrated that a microbe was the cause of the infectivity of the blood, and Pasteur observed that birds, when fed upon the smallest drop of a recent culture of the micro-organism, became infected via the nlimentary canal, and that the infected excreta were a cause of...

Real-coded Adaptive Range Genetic Algorithms (ARGAs) have been applied to a practical three-dimensional shape optimization for aerodynamic design of an aircraft wing. The realcoded ARGAs possess both advantages of the binary-coded ARGAs and the floating-point representation to overcome the problems of having a large search space that requires continuous sampling. The results confirm that the re...

tick-borne diseases like tick-borne relapsing fever are a public health problem in iran. its occurrence is more prevalent in north part of country. in order to determine the distribution of soft ticks, argasidae, and their infection with borrelia species in hamadan province, 53 villages were selected randomly. a total of 4805 ticks were collected directly from human dwellings, poultries, and an...