A variety of heteroaromatic compounds, such as substituted pyridines, pyrazoles, indoles, 2-substituted imidazoles, 2-substituted imidazoles, 2-arylbenzazoles and pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones are synthesized by oxidative aromatization using the activated carbon and molecular oxygen system. Mechanistic study focused on the role of activated carbon in the synthesis of 2-arylbenzazoles is also discussed. ...

This report describes the bioconversion of 19-hydroxy-androsta-4, 7-diene-3, 17-dione into equilin with Nocardia rubra. Through mutation and improvement of medium and of conditions, the bioconversion could be improved to yield 40% equilin for a substrate concentration of 1 g/liter. Aromatization of several other 19-hydroxy and 19-nor substrates of the androstene series is reported, and the infl...

Thirteen postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were enrolled in an open randomized Phase I trial of a new p.o. active aromatase inhibitor, CGS 20267 (letrozole). The primary aim of the trial was to assess the impact of two doses of letrozole (0.5 and 2. 5 mg/day) on the peripheral aromatization of androstenedione to estrone. An in vivo isotopic technique was used to measure periphera...

This paper addresses the techno-economic analysis of the propane aromatization process, by adopting a novel kinetics-to-process approach. The recent interest in this technological route derives from the development of new third generation biorefinery concepts, in which, algal oil is subjected to catalytic hydrodeoxygenation processes for the production of (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) HRJ fuels....

Aromatization of androgens in the central nervous system is linked with sexual differentiation of the brain and, thus, determines the nature of sexual behavior and the control of gonadotropin secretion. The process of aromatization, as determined in the human placenta, proceeds through two successive hydroxylations at C-19, the products of which are then virtually completely converted via a thi...

The conversion of androgenic steroids to the phenolic estrogens by mammalian tissue has been well documented. The reaction has been reported in relatively low yield, in vitro with ovarian and placental slices (l-3), and in viva after the administration of androgens to various species including man (4, 5). The present report describes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in high yield by a s...

At Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, the known intermediate steps in the aromatization, catalyxed by human placental microsomes, of 4-androstene-3, 17-dione to estrone were evaluated. Oxygen and carbon monoxide atmospheres were used to expose the properties of the participating oxidases. The results were judged to be evidence for the existence of 3 mixed function oxidases active i...