This paper reports on the design of a biorobotic actuator intended for use in a powered, below-knee prosthesis. Design requirements for the artificial muscle and tendon are based on the properties of the natural limb. As biological properties often exhibit significant variability, data from a variety of vertebrate species are extracted from published reports in the biological literature and use...

PURPOSE To show surgical solutions in patients with traumatic and congenital aniridia, to evaluate the clinical improvement of these patients when iris prosthesis are implanted, and to examine safety and complications of these implants in a long-term follow-up. METHODS Eight patients were included in this retrospective noncomparative case series. Nine eyes had an artificial iris implantation ...

This chapter presents a procedure for the Determination of the Optimal Prosthesis Architecture for upper limb amputees (DOPA). The presented approach can consistently manage both the clinical aspects and the technical issues involved in the design of electromechanically actuated prostheses. The procedure is composed on one hand of algorithms useful for analyzing the patients’ requirements and o...

In surgical knee replacement, the damaged knee joint is replaced with artificial prostheses. An accurate clinical evaluation must be carried out before applying knee prostheses to ensure optimal outcome from surgical operations and to reduce the probability of having long-term problems. Useful information can be inferred from estimates of the stress acting onto the bone-prosthesis system of the...

Spinal fusion for degenerative disc disease has been associated with a variety of side effects, including increased morbidity, infection, failed back syndrome, pseudoarthrosis, and acceleration of degenerative changes in adjacent intervertebral discs and facet joints. Based on the experience of arthroplasty of hip and other joints, there has been an escalating in research emphasizing the design...

Nowadays, the placement of artificial prostheses in human skeleton, etc. is common due to different reasons such as fractures or deficiencies. Prostheses are structures that assist the performance of organs by reconstruction of some body parts through different methods to enable the organ to re-obtain its performance completely or partially and, since the use of external prostheses might lead t...

Variable intensity and timing of valvular sounds were noted in two patients with permanent pacemakers and prosthetic valves. In the first patient, who had a mitral and a tricuspid prosthesis, valvular opening sounds became widely separated with a change from nodal to ventricular paced rhythm. In a second patient, who had a mitral prosthesis in sinus rhythm with first-degree atrioventricular blo...

INTRODUCTION We describe a case of spontaneous, non traumatic rupture of a single artificial testis in a patient who had undergone bilateral, staged radical orchidectomy followed by prosthesis insertion. The consequences and radiological appearances of implant rupture are discussed. We believe it is the longest time interval recorded between prosthesis insertion and rupture. CASE PRESENTATION...

In daily life of a transfemoral amputee (TFA) a stumble or a fall is not uncommon, mainly due to the lack of feedback and control of their prosthesis. Although intelligent knees are now available, proprioceptive feedback and control over the lower leg is needed. Using muscle activity (EMG) as control input and providing artificial feedback is a concept already seen for upper extremity prosthesi...

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) is the process of replacing damaged ball and socket joint in shoulder with a prosthesis made polyethylene metal components. After this procedure, intervention may be required as result damage to prosthesis, except for need an examination regarding at certain periods. If patient does not have information about model manufacturer treatment delayed. Artificial int...