What is the point of university? In the modern state, we are faced with a plethora of competing and sometimes contradictory answers to this question. To some extent, the answer depends on who is paying, which differs considerably between countries. At one extreme, the Nordic countries continue to fund higher education almost entirely from general taxation. At the other, private institutions in ...

How Science Works’ is now the focus of the national science specifications in English schools. This article is a brief introduction to the philosophy of science from the Greeks to the present day that underpins this notion. From September 2006, the emphasis for teaching science at GCSE is on ‘How Science Works’. This focus will also shape the revisions of the AS and A2 specifications from Septe...

invasive aspergillosis (ia) are a major complication in immunocompromized patients where can be serious and rapidly fatal. early diagnosis and early appropriate antifungal treatment is important in reducing mortality and morbidity. but despite many efforts to develop detection methods, the diagnosis of ia still remains challenging and current conventional methods are limited for adequate diagno...