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according to mulla sadra in his famous work, al-asfar , god’s pre-knowledge is a set of epistemic forms which are (1) inseparable from his essence, (2) uncreated, (3) beyond the universe, (4) devoid of real possibility, (5) eternal per se, and (6) extant by his extance. tabatabayi in nihayat al-hilmah believes that the term, “inseparable”, in (1) does not mean “out of essence”; otherwise, (1) w...

There is a great need throughout the Middle East and North Africa for contemporary urban research that goes beyond classical analysis of the traditional Arab City. Important topics include urban transformation, the flow of global capital and its affect on urban realities, urban structures and polity, changes in social life and lines of inclusion and exclusion , and such " metropolitization " fo...

One-size mean arterial pressure does not fit all The Surviving Sepsis Campaign [1] advocates maintaining a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of at least 65 mm Hg in sepsis patients undergoing resuscitation. Leone and colleagues [2], in an article published in this journal, suggest considering higher MAP targets in the resuscitation of patients with a history of arterial hypertension so they do not p...

TOPIC: Critical Care TYPE: Fellow Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Vasopressin is commonly used to restore blood pressure in hyperdynamic hemodynamic states, thereby reducing catecholamine requirements. The effects of vasopressin are primarily caused by the rise mean arterial (MAP) due systemic vasoconstriction, which, depending on infusion rate, can also produce notable vasoconstrictive coronary mic...

TOPIC: Critical Care TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: While cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-sustaining measure, it accompanied by litany of risks. Complications CPR are commonly observed relative to the thoracic cavity, with frequently reported injuries sternum, ribs, heart, and lungs (1). Intra-abdominal injury during rare reports liver laceration have be...

Our research background lies in qualitative, nonmonotonic, and model-based reasoning with a focus on the application to diagnosis of technical systems. In particular, we have been following the consistency-based approach which considers diagnosis as the task of finding an assignment of modes (correct or faulty), MA, to a set of components which is consistent with the system description, SD, and...