Associative learning is a common way for information acquisition, and the integrative storage of multiple associated signals is essential for associative thinking and logical reasoning. In terms of the cellular mechanism for associative memory, our studies by behavioral task and cellular imaging demonstrate that paired whisker and odor stimulations lead to odorant-induced whisker motion and ass...

The reaction of water with octahedral bis-, tris- and tetrakis-(phosphine)tungsten, (phosphine)molybdenum and (phosphine)chromium complexes has been studied using B3LYP/def2-TZVPP level of DFT to elucidate dissociative, associative and hydride migratory insertion mechanisms for hydrogen elimination. In the dissociative mechanism, phosphine dissociation requires 19.3-28.5 kcal mol(-1) of energy....

Ammonia is the feedstock for nitrogen fertilizers and a potential carbon-free energy carrier; however, its production highly intensive. Conventional heterogeneous catalysts based on metallic iron or ruthenium mediate dinitrogen dissociation hydrogenation through relatively energy-expensive pathway. Here we report ternary complex hydrides Li4RuH6 Ba2RuH6 as an alternative class of catalysts, com...

learning ability and memory duration are two inseparable factors which can increase theefficiency of a living organism during its lifetime. trichgramma brassice bezdenko (hym.:trichogrammatidae) is a biological control agent widely used against different pest species.this research was conducted to study the olfactory associative learning ability and memoryduration of t. brassicae under laborato...

Article history: Received 25 April 2008 Received in revised form 16 February 2009 Accepted 16 March 2009 Available online 9 April 2009 Recent evidence suggests the existence of multiple cognitive mechanisms that support the general cognitive ability factor (g). Working memory and processing speed are the two best established candidate mechanisms. Relatively little attention has been given to th...

Heuristics and biases program described some behaviors of human decision making as adaptive prerational tools that lead to different kinds of structural cognitive errors. Some criticism on this program relay over the absence of theoretical and mechanistic models of heuristics. Cognitive errors in medical diagnosis are widely described as biases provoked by the use of heuristics in realistic cli...

learning is a cornerstone of intelligent behavior in animals. this behavior has been mostly studied in organisms with a fairly complex nervous system. however, recent reports of learning in unicellular organisms suggested the existence of associative learning in unicellular organisms. in particular, the capability to associate different light intensities with cathodal stimulation in paramecium ...

Associative memory using fast weights is a short-term memory mechanism that substantially improves the memory capacity and time scale of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). As recent studies introduced fast weights only to regular RNNs, it is unknown whether fast weight memory is beneficial to gated RNNs. In this work, we report a significant synergy between long short-term memory (LSTM) networks...

For many years, acquisition of verbal morphology has been an issue of much debate within linguistic theory, research on first and second language acquisition, mental grammar representation, and cognitive processing. The proponents of the Dual Mechanism account claim that regularly inflected forms are computed by a ruleprocessing system, while morphologically irregular forms are processed in ass...

The study reveals the mechanism of formation specific associations and characteristics based on concept mental states. identification universal components associative representation states can demonstrate important regularities in shaping structure a person's ideas about their inner life.