The atmospheric water vapor flux divergence and certain aspects of the water balance of North America are investigated, using data from the period May 1, 1958-Apr. 30, 1963. The mean vertical distribution of flux divergence is computed for the United States for the months of January (1962, 1963) and July (1961, 1962). Strong flux convergence in the lowest kilometer and divergence in the remaind...

The authors propose a relay-assisted atmospheric optical code-division multiple-access (AO/CDMA) system for secured, multiuser optical communications. Chip detect-and-forward (CDF) scheme is used at relay nodes so that the complex multiuser decoding process can be avoided. The proposed system performance, in terms of bit-error rate (BER) and transmission confidentiality, is analysed over atmosp...

introductionmany aspect strongly influence regional climate includes localized surface processes, large-scale patterns, especially mid and upper level tropospheric circulation and many factors control precipitation in the west of iran includes location of emigrate westerly winds systems, jet streams location, humidity flux and topography. upper tropospheric jet stream constitutes a significant ...

[1] In the fall of both 1999 and 2000, unexpected ‘‘rapid tides’’ occurred along the coast of the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland. These rapid tides have been linked to the passing of Tropical Storm Jose (1999) and Tropical Storm Helene (2000) over the Grand Banks. Here we examine the dynamic ocean response to Tropical Storm Helene (2000) using a barotropic shallow water ocean model forced by ...

[1] In the fall of both 1999 and 2000, unexpected ‘‘rapid tides’’ occurred along the coast of the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland. These rapid tides have been linked to the passing of Tropical Storm Jose (1999) and Tropical Storm Helene (2000) over the Grand Banks. Here we examine the dynamic ocean response to Tropical Storm Helene (2000) using a barotropic shallow water ocean model forced by ...

This study investigates the diurnal variation of surface wind divergence in seas Maritime Continent by using satellite scatterometer observations and atmospheric reanalysis data. is first to demonstrate distribution seasonal diurnally varying winds terms divergence. Wind develops from coasts islands toward center dominates during afternoon evening hours. convergence over nighttime morning The o...

Joint beam width and spatial coherence length optimization is proposed to maximize the average capacity in partially coherent free-space optical links, under the combined effects of atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors. An optimization metric is introduced to enable feasible translation of the joint optimal transmitter beam parameters into an analogous level of divergence of the received ...

A number of recent studies have shown a strong link between hemispheric asymmetry in tropical precipitation and the atmospheric energy budget. The energetics framework has been used to explain why the mean position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is in the Northern Hemisphere (Frierson et al. 2013; Marshall et al. 2013), to demonstrate the large-scale circulation and precipitation ...