نتایج جستجو برای: atmospheric thermodynamics
تعداد نتایج: 106161 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The coupled atmosphere-ocean system defines the environment we live. The research of this complex, nonlinear and multiscale system is not only scientifically challenging but also practically important. We consider a coupled atmosphere-ocean model, which involves hydrodynamics, thermodynamics and nonautonomous interaction at the air-sea interface. First, we show that the coupled atmosphere-ocean...
Aerosols represent one of the greatest uncertainties in quantifying atmospheric sources of climate change. The role of aerosol particles in providing nucleation sites for cloud droplets is complex: this so-called “indirect effect” incorporates unsolved problems in atmospheric chemistry, thermodynamics, and fluid mechanics. Much of this uncertainty lies in our inability to describe the processes...
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a significant fraction of ambient tropospheric aerosol and a detailed knowledge of the formation, properties and transformation of SOA is therefore required to evaluate its impact on atmospheric processes, climate and human health. The chemical and physical processes associated with SOA formation are complex and varied, and, despite considerable prog...
Degradation of energy to lower temperatures and the associated production of entropy is a general direction for Earth system processes, ranging from the planetary energy balance, to the global hydrological cycle and the cycling of carbon by Earth’s biosphere. This chapter introduces the application of nonequilibrium thermodynamics to the planetary energy balance of Earth and its neighboring pla...
The hydrologic cycle results from the combination of energy conversions and atmospheric transport, and the laws of thermodynamics set limits to both. Here, we apply thermodynamics to derive the limits of the strength of hydrologic cycling within the Earth system and about the properties and processes that shape these limits. We set up simple models to derive analytical expressions of the limits...
چکیده ندارد.
Sulfuric acid is an important gas influencing atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). Both the binary (H2SO4–H2O) system and the ternary system involving ammonia (H2SO4–H2O–NH3)may be important in the free troposphere. An essential step in the nucleation of aerosol particles from gas-phase precursors is the formation of a dimer, so an understanding of the thermodynamics of dimer formation ove...
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