This study provides minimum economic growth (or GDP growth) critical masses or thresholds that should be exceeded in order for demand-side mobile money factors to favorably drive innovations financial inclusion developing countries. The considered are accounts, the phone used send money, and receive money. empirical evidence is based on tobit regressions. For positive net relationships establis...

A number of formal methods are available in literature for analysis and design of software as well as hardware systems. To choose a particular specification method, it depends on the character of the desired product. As the complexity of software increases, the need for reasoning about correct behaviour becomes more prominent. Formal methods are a set of techniques for analysis, verification, a...

The goal of this study was to enhance an existing automated teller machine (ATM) human–machine interface in order to accommodate the needs of older adults. Older adults were involved in the design and field test of the modified ATM prototype. The design of the user interface and functionality took the cognitive and physical abilities of older adults into account. The modified ATM system include...

We present a general process, supported by Object-Process Methodology (OPM) for authoring model-based requirements specifications. This approach is guided by adopting general systems engineering principles to requirements authoring and can be extended and applied broadly for authoring various kinds of technical documents. Requirements specifications are first conceptually analyzed and designed ...

Installing a financial service outlet (e.g. automated teller machine (ATM)) is an expensive affair due to the need of dedicated network connectivity. In the existing model, the users are forced to trust a service outlet to be authentic. A spoofed outlet can collect the account information and use it in some way later. In this paper, we propose a new model that would overcome these cost and secu...

Models of consumer behaviour based purely upon empirical relationships in data can perform well in the short-term, but often degrade rapidly with changing circumstances. Superior longer term performance can sometimes be attained by developing models for the deeper processes underlying the consumer behaviour. In this paper, we develop a random-effects point-process model for ATM (Automated Telle...

The paper presents an artificial neural network based approach in support of cash demand forecasting for automatic teller machine (ATM). On the start phase a three layer feed-forward neural network was trained using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and historical data sets. Then ANN was retuned every week using the last observations from ATM. The generalization properties of the ANN were improved ...

In order to minimize vulnerabilities and achieve target level security, quantification of security is necessary. Unfortunately, quantitative estimation of security in design phase is largely missing. Given the need and significance of such a mechanism, an effort has been made by the authors of the paper to deduce a methodology to find out the impact of Inheritance on vulnerability propagation i...