The salient, and often ignored, role that out-of-class learning plays in second/foreign language (L2) learners’ development is overshadowed by classroom research. The main aim of this study is to problematize the role of out-of-class learning in the specific English-as-Foreign-Language (EFL) context of Iran by examination of the ways in which four learners attempted to revamp their English lang...

the salient, and often ignored, role that out-of-class learning plays in second/foreign language (l2) learners’ development is overshadowed by classroom research. the main aim of this study is to problematize the role of out-of-class learning in the specific english-as-foreign-language (efl) context of iran by examination of the ways in which four learners attempted to revamp their english lang...

Introduction. The purpose of this research is to investigate the significance of public libraries as educational institutions. The meaning of lifelong learning in public libraries from the perspective of women's autonomous activities is re-examined. Method. The literature of the grassroots library movement and that of the empowerment of women is analysed within the framework of critical theory....

background: relationships are the foundation of human social life. if this relationship is well established in academic environments, educational objectives are more conveniently obtained. the aim of this studydetermining factors affecting student- professor relationship in performing educational and learning activities from the perspective of male and female  apprentices, interns and assistant...

The principal function of the CSCL environments is to provide to the various users (students, teachers, tutors, etc.) the best activities with the best tools at the best time according to their needs. If a CSCL system is a collection of activities or learning process, we can cut out its functionalities in a certain number of autonomous functions which can then be carried out separately in the f...

With the emergence of learner-centered approaches to teaching, the importance of learnerautonomy becomes more and more evident. In addition, there are many of elements inEnglish teaching/learning environments that may affect the EFL language learner'sautonomous learning. Thus, this study was conducted, aiming to find out the extent towhich students think the autonomy of ...

This study evaluated 2 ELT textbooks (Four Corners, Book 2 and Four CornersBook 3) drawing on Bloom’s revised taxonomy (BRT); it examined the extent towhich these ELT textbooks could demonstrate the 6 cognitive categories of the BRT(i.e., remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating) intheir activities. To this end, content analysis was done to obtain the frequency ...

The neural activity of the human brain is dominated by self-sustained activities. External sensory stimuli influence this autonomous activity but they do not drive the brain directly. Most standard artificial neural network models are however input driven and do not show spontaneous activities. It constitutes a challenge to develop organizational principles for controlled, self-sustained activi...

Dynamic service settings—characterized by workers who interact with customers to deliver services in a rapidly changing, uncertain, and complex environment (e.g., hospitals)—play an important role in the economy. Organizational learning studies in these settings have largely investigated autonomous learning via cumulative experience as a strategy for performance improvement. Whether induced lea...

Learning to recognize common activities such as traffic activities and robot behavior is an important and challenging problem related both to AI and robotics. We propose an unsupervised approach that takes streams of observations of objects as input and learns a probabilistic representation of the observed spatiotemporal activities and their causal relations. The dynamics of the activities are ...