The aim of this paper is to simultaneously identify and estimate a non-linear autoregressive time series using a flexible neuro-fuzzy model. We provide a self organization and incremental mechanism to the adaptation process of the neuro-fuzzy model. The self organization mechanism searches for a suitable set of premises and consequents to enhance the time series estimation performance, while th...

in this paper we investigate the long memory of tehran securities price index and fit arfima model using 970 daily data since 1382/1/6 until 1386/4/17. furthermore, we compare the forecasting performance of arfima and arima models. the results show that the series is a long memory one and therefore it can become stationary by fractional differencing. we obtaine the fractional differencing param...

Purpose — This paper aims to examine the relationship between shadow economy and income inequality in Nigeria.Method The employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS), Granger causality. methodology is used avoid endogeneity heterogeneity model. gauged using two diverse indicators of Gini coefficient: index proportion household disposable market in...

The intricacies revolving around Environmental Governance is the prime issue of this century. For this, researchers and practitioners have always strived for viable solutions that are not just efficient in terms their productivity, but also innovative nature, so they least possible repercussions to ecological wellbeing. Therefore, present study aims explore relevancy rule law green innovation, ...

This study delves into the factors that boost agricultural productivity while taking five macroeconomic variables account. The investigated are productivity, which is used as dependent variable, employment in agriculture, gross capital formation, arable land, and rainfall independent variables. Employing an autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) model, this paper examines determinants of Somali...

The paper sought to examine the impact of Free Trade Area on Nigeria’s domestic industries from 1980 2019. It employed autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) estimation technique analyze short-run and long-run relationships between independent explanatory variables, thereby validating objective study. All variables were stationary after first difference, except Ease Doing Business (EDB). In sho...

This study tries to answer the question, “has macroeconomic instability detrimental impact on gross domestic product of Pakistan over the period of 1980 to 2012?” For reviewing macroeconomic instability a comprehensive macroeconomic instability index is constructed by incorporating inflation rate, unemployment rate, trade deficit and budget deficit. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model h...

Autoregressive regime-switching models are being widely used in modelling financial and economic time series such as business cycles (Hamilton, 1989; Lam, 1990), exchange rates (Engle and Hamilton, 1990), financial panics (Schwert, 1989) or stock prices (Wong and Li, 2000). When the number of regimes is fixed the statistical inference is relatively straightforward and the asymptotic properties ...