Escherichia coli is being one of the common microbial flora of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of poultry but may become pathogenic to both. Antibiotic treatment is considered the most important issue that promotes the emergence, selection and deploying of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in veterinary medicine. With the increase of resistant to antibiotics, many researchers have tri...

The classical economic growing quantity (EGQ) model is a key concept in the inventory control problems research literature. EGQ commonly employed for purpose of management items, such as fish and farm animals, within industries livestock, seafood, aviculture. order (EOQ) assumes that customer demand satisfied without interruption each cycle; however, this assumption not always true some compani...

Birds are the most speciose of all taxonomic groups currently housed in zoos, but this species diversity is not always matched by their inclusion research output peer-reviewed literature. This large and diverse captive population an excellent tool for investigation, findings which can be relevant to conservation sustainability aims. The One Plan Approach aims foster tangible relevance ex situ p...

This case describes an outbreak of low pathogenic hemagglutinin 9 neuraminidase 2 avian influenza virus (AIV) in two white-bellied bustards (Eupodotis senegalensis), one stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemius), and a blacksmith plover (Antibyx armatus) in a private zoologic collection in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The four birds showed signs of respiratory disease, and all died as a result of dis...

Trade restrictions stemming from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) have created a situation in which rare and attractive bird species command high prices on international pet markets. Most of these species are of tropical or subtropical origin, and many are amenable to captive breeding. Hence, the possibility of exporting birds under CITES provisions for the ex...

Strategic management is defined as a set of management decisions and actions that determine a company's long-term performance and lead and control the organization so that it can quickly respond to some internal and external environmental changes. Obviously, the agricultural sector and natural resources are one of the most significant economic sectors of the country because of their vital role ...

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