Abstract Background: The axillary lymph node stage is one of the single most important determinants in the prognosis of breast cancer patients. The disadvantages of the two previous methods used for evaluating axillary node metastasis, i.e., axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy, have directed researchers to investigate new techniques for this purpose. The aim of the cur...

BACKGROUND Axillary lymph node metastasis is associated with increased risk of regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and poor survival in breast malignant neoplasm. Expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is significantly associated with tumor formation, migration, and invasion in various cancers. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) express...

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is an aggressive form of oral leukoplakia with multifocal presentation, high rates of recurrence and malignant transformation. Although development of regional lymph node metastasis is relatively frequent in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, axillary metastasis is quite uncommon. This paper presents a case of a 64-year-old female patient who w...

Background:Lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. The present study was carried out to evaluate the association between ER, PR and HER-2/neu expression status, separately and in combinations with axillary lymph node involvement. Patients and methods: Two hundred and fifty eight breast cancer patients treated with modified radical mastectomy with...

PURPOSE To assess prospectively the accuracy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in differentiating between metastatic and benign axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 215 patients with histologically proven breast cancer, prior to axillary dissection, underwent breast and axillary 1.5 T MRI. In 102 patients in whom at least one ...

background: sentinel lymph node biopsy (slnb) has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (alnd) in early breast cancer patients as the first line surgical approach to axillary nodes. further dissection is performed only when sln is involved by tumor cells. however, in a significant proportion of patients, non-sentinel nodes are still not involved and axillary dissection has no additional thera...

BACKGROUND Axillary lymph node metastases in women are most frequently associated with breast cancer. Few cases have been reported to be related to other primary tumors of the breast. Furthermore, emperipolesis, a phenomenon that occurs as a result of the phagocytosis of hematopoietic cells by neoplastic cells, is observed in few tumors. CASE A 72-year-old woman presenting endometrial and bre...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most commonly occurring malignancies in females in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Axillary clearance is an integral part of the surgical treatment of breast cancer. Precise analysis of lymph node involvement for proper staging and adjuvant therapy is therefore necessary. During axillary dissection, lymph nodes at levels I, II and III are removed, while ...

background: the impact of positive intramammary lymph node (im ln) on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer has been debated for years; likewise, the standard management of patients with positive im ln remains unclear, especially when it is identified by preoperative imaging or by sentinel lymph node biopsy. the present study aims at reviewing the level of concurrent involvement of im ln...