BACKGROUND Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with breast cancer has the potential to induce side-effects, including upper-limb lymphedema. Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a technique that enables discrimination of the lymphatic drainage of the breast from that of the upper limb in the axillary lymph node (LN) basin. If lymphedema is caused by removing these lymphatics and node...

PURPOSE The aim of axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is to preserve arm lymphatics in patients with breast cancer who underwent surgical axillary staging. PATIENTS AND METHODS From June 2007 to December 2008, 49 patients who required axillary dissection (AD) underwent ARM. One milliliter of patent blue dye was injected in the ipsilateral arm, and all blue nodes identified during AD were sent sep...

In addition to neurologic injuries such as peripheral nerve palsy, axillary vessel injury should be recognized as a possible complication of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Limb lengthening associated with Grammont-type reverse total shoulder arthroplasty places tension across the brachial plexus and axillary vessels and may contribute to observed injuries. The Grammont-type reverse total ...

Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is a standard surgical treatment in patients with involved axillary lymph nodes. Unfortunately, arm lymphedema develops in 2.7– 5.0% of patients treated by partial ALND (level I and II), in 3.1–9.6% of those undergoing total ALND, and in 26– 38% of patients treated with ALND and radiotherapy [1]. The risk of lymphedema is often used as an argument against A...

The axillary nodal status is accepted universally as the most powerful prognostic tool available for early stage breast cancer. The removal of level I and level II lymph nodes at axillary node dissection (ALND) is the most accurate method to assess nodal status, and it is the universal standard; however, it is associated with several adverse long-term sequelae. Lymphatic mapping with sentinel l...