The gain of sensory inputs into the nervous system can be modulated so that the nature and intensity of afferent input is variable. Sometimes the variability is a function of other sensory inputs or of the state of motor systems that generate behavior. A form of sensory modulation was investigated in the Aplysia feeding system at the level of a radula mechanoafferent neuron (B21) that provides ...

We study the minimal normal completion problem: given A ∈ Cn×n, how do we find an (n+q)×(n+q) normal matrix Aext := ( A A12 A21 A22 ) of smallest possible size? We will show that this smallest number q of rows and columns we need to add, called the normal defect of A, satisfies nd(A) ≥ max{i−(AA∗ −A∗A), i+(AA∗ −A∗A)}, where i±(M) denotes the number of positive and negative eigenvalues of the He...

Two distinct mechanisms mediate potentiating effects of depolarization on synaptic transmission. Recently there has been renewed interest in a type of plasticity in which a neuron's somatic membrane potential influences synaptic transmission. We study mechanisms that mediate this type of control at a synapse between a mechanoafferent, B21, and B8, a motor neuron that receives chemical synaptic ...

The serotonergic metacerebral cells (MCCs) and homologous neurons in related mollusks have been extensively investigated within the context of feeding. Although previous work has indicated that the MCCs exert widespread actions, MCC modulation of sensory neurons has not been identified. We characterized interactions between the MCCs and a cell that is part of a recently described group of bucca...

background: as a drug target and an antigenic agent, hiv-1 protease (hiv-1 pr) is at the center of attention for designing anti-aids inhibitors and diagnostic tests. in previous studies, the production of the recombinant protease has been faced with several difficulties; therefore, the aims of this study were the easy production, purification of the soluble form of protease in e. coli and inves...

The genetic architecture of oil content, seed yield and its related biometric traits in castor was investigated through generation mean analysis four crosses viz., JP 104 × JI 433, SKP 84 437 441 twelve generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, B2, B11, B12, B21, B22, B1s B2s). Significance simple scaling tests Cavali’s joint test all the for one or more indicated presence digenic trigenic gene interact...

Background: Alkaline proteases is the important group of enzymes having numerous industrial applications including dairy food formulations. Objectives: The current study deals with the purification and characterization of an alkaline serine protease produced by Geotrichum candidum QAUGC01, isolated from indigenous fermented milk product, Dahi.<br...

this research has focused on isolation and characterization of a strain of bacillus sp. from alkaline soil, which was able to produce extracellular alkaline protease at phs ranging from 8 to 11 and temperatures of 20 to 50ºc. also the impact of different carbon andnitrogen sources were investigated. the yield and fold of enzyme purification was 24% and 50 times, respectively. molecular weight o...