The reliability of molecular clocks has been questioned for several key evolutionary radiations on the basis that the clock might run fast in explosive radiations. Molecular date estimates for the radiations of metazoan phyla (the Cambrian explosion) and modern orders of mammals and birds are in many cases twice as old as the palaeontological evidence would suggest. Could some aspect of explosi...

Background: Pre-exposure to radiofrequency radiations of mobile phones would significantly increase the survival rate of exposed animals compared to those exposed to a lethal dose of gamma radiation alone. Stimulation of the immune system is believed to be a key mechanism for the induction of this phenomenon, the so-called “adaptive response.” The immune system protects organisms against in...

Background Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) by using electrical machines, tools, industrial instruments, power lines, and communications devices has occurred as a result of technological developments and is causing a threat to normal lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiations emitted by mobile jammers.on sperm qualit...

The spatial and temporal patterns of plant species radiations are largely unknown. I used a nonlinear regression to estimate speciation and extinction rates from all relevant dated clades. Both are surprisingly high. A high species richness can be the result of either little extinction, thus preserving the diversity that dates from older radiations (a 'mature radiation'), or a 'recent and rapid...

The ionizing radiations have great impact on living cells and damage caused is owing to the multitude of ultra-fast physical and chemical reactions initiated by radiations. Irradiation of a biological system or exposure to radiation causes catastrophic damage. The ionizing radiations initiate free radical generation which causes damage to lipid membranes of the cell and cell organelles, induces...

ed landscape with relatively few native birds. Its original host remains unknown, but unlike many islands, New Zealand had endemic mosquitoes, which could have coevolved with viruses. Another signifi cant disease because of its pandemic potential is avian infl uenza. The normal hosts are waterfowl, shorebirds, and seabirds. Sampling for infl uenza antibodies in Australian seabirds shows variati...

In the context of bosonic string theory, we shall extract general radiation amplitude a massless closed from interaction two parallel unstable D$p$-branes. The branes are non-stationary and have been dressed by background fields. foregoing will be rewritten for state with large distance. Besides, study gravitational dilatonic radiations this configuration.

Peptide bond synthesis was performed on PEGA beads under microwave radiations. Classical chemical coupling as well as thermolysin catalyzed synthesis was studied, and the effect of microwave radiations on reaction kinetics, beads' integrity, and enzyme activity was assessed. Results demonstrate that microwave radiations can be profitably exploited to improve reaction kinetics in solid phase pep...

The effects on health by mobile radiations have been subject of debate for a long time. Mobile phones emit electromagnetic radiations in the microwave range (300 MHz [0.3 GHz] and 300 GHz). According to International Agency for Research on Cancer, the mobile radiations are classified as Group-2B possibly carcinogenic radiations i.e. there “could be some risk” of carcinogenicity.1 At the same ti...