Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin is a potent immunostimulant implicated in the development and/or progression of a variety of diseases. The mammalian immune system has both innate and adaptive immune responses to neutralize endotoxin. In this study, a system was developed to monitor bacterial exposure by measuring the extent and nature of endotoxin neutralization in plasma. In control patients...

We screened innate immunostimulant-producing bacteria using a silkworm muscle contraction assay, and isolated Rhizobium sp. strain M2 from soil. We purified the innate immunostimulant from strain M2, and characterized the chemical structure by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical analyses. The innate immunostimulant (M2 EPS) comprised glucose, galactose, pyruvic acid, and succin...

Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) is a traditional Indonesian plant that has many benefits. Curcuminoids are turmeric compounds known to have effects as immunomodulators and been proven in several vivo tests. Immunosuppressive drugs such cyclophosphamide widely given improve clinical symptoms autoimmune patients cancer treatment which can cause susceptibility infection.Therefore,this study aime...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aloe vera extract (ae) on the immunity responses and hematological parameters in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry to develop alternative drug to chemotherapeutics and antibiotics in aquaculture. 1200 rainbow trout (oncorynchus mykiss) fry weighing 2±0.2 gram were randomly allocated into two treatment groups including: 1) placebo-treate...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Immunostimulatory therapy is now being recognized as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy for a variety of disease conditions, involving the impaired immune response of the host. In the present study, the immunostimulatory effect of the butanolic extract obtained from S. mialhesi aerial parts, was evaluated in vivo. METHODS The immunostimulant potential of the ...

The problem arises in vanamei shrimp cultivation is the emergence of diseases, such as vibriosis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Jatropha leaf extract can be used an immunostimulant because it contains bioactive compounds namely flavonoid, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. This research a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments 3 replications. were; P1 (feed without bacterial in...