Apart from the well-known weaknesses of the standard Malmquist productivity index related to infeasibility and not accounting for slacks, already addressed in the literature, we identify a new and significant drawback of the Malmquist-Luenberger index decomposition that questions its validity as an empirical tool for environmental productivity measurement associated with the production of bad o...

F€are and Grosskopf (2004) address the approach of Seiford and Zhu (2002) where undesirable input and output measures are treated in data envelopment analysis (DEA). One key feature of Seiford and Zhu s (2002) approach is that the bad outputs are treated as outputs in DEA model but are reduced when DEA efficiency is evaluated. F€are and Grosskopf (2004) suggest an alternative approach in treati...

This paper deals with the problem of optimizing two-stage structure decision making units (DMUs) where the activity and the performance of two-stage DMU in one period effect on its efficiency in the next period. To evaluate such systems the effect of activities in one period on ones in the next term must be considered. To do so, we propose a dynamic DEA approach to measure the performance of su...

This paper aims to learn about the determinants and impacts of innovative activities on manufacturing firms’ productivity performance during 1998-2001 in Argentina, a period characterized by a long stagnation that finally led to the worst crisis in the country’s history. The results show that even in a very hostile scenario, a large number of Argentine manufacturing firms maintained their in ho...

this research identifies returns to scale (rts) of efficient decision making units (dmus) with desirable (good) and undesirable (bad) inputs and outputs by presenting a new dea (data envelopment analysis) approach. in this study, we first introduce a new input-output oriented model to determine efficient dmus in the presence of undesirable factors and then, returns to scale of these dmus are es...

It is shown in this paper that the estimates of technical efficiency, scale economies, and the shadow prices of bad outputs for polluting firms in India are sensitive to the specification of technologies and environmental regulation. The output and input distance functions with the assumption of weak disposability of bad outputs account for the effect of environmental regulation on the producti...

The aim of this paper is to investigate suitable evaluation strategies for the task of word-level quality estimation of machine translation. We suggest various metrics to replace F1-score for the “BAD” class, which is currently used as main metric. We compare the metrics’ performance on real system outputs and synthetically generated datasets and suggest a reliable alternative to the F1-BAD sco...

Connectionist computer simulation was employed to explore the notion that, if attitudes guide approach and avoidance behaviors, false negative beliefs are likely to remain uncorrected for longer than false positive beliefs. In Study 1, we trained a threelayer neural network to discriminate ‘good’ and ‘bad’ inputs distributed across a twodimensional space. ‘Full feedback’ training, whereby conne...