forage is the main product of rangelands. so, determining its economic value as one of the main important nonmonetary functions can help managers to improve planning and optimal utilization management of rangelands. the main purpose of this study is to estimate the economic valuation of the forage of summer rangelands in nour-roud watershed basin in mazandaran province. consequently, total fora...

We study a canonical modal logic introduced by Lemmon, and axiomatised by an infinite sequence of axioms generalising McKinsey’s formula. We prove that the class of all frames for this logic is not closed under elementary equivalence, and so is non-elementary. We also show that any axiomatisation of the logic involves infinitely many non-canonical formulas. MSC2000: 03B45.

Recently, a new measurement – the advice complexity – was introduced for measuring the information content of online problems. The aim is to measure the bitwise information that online algorithms lack, causing them to perform worse than offline algorithms. Among a large number of problems, a well-known scheduling problem, job shop scheduling with unit length tasks, and the paging problem were a...

Bounded-size rules(BSR) are dynamic random graph processes which incorporate limited choice along with randomness in the evolution of the system. Typically one starts with the empty graph and at each stage two edges are chosen uniformly at random. One of the two edges is then placed into the system according to a decision rule based on the sizes of the components containing the four vertices. F...