The process of sorting softwood raw materials is aimed at full automation. Techniques such as laser and optical scanning, used in measuring wood material with the layer bark, are based on an analysis external shape log. consequence this use constant ranges bark deductions, which often affected by errors resulting from averaging values. thickness influenced many factors, tree species quality hab...

Objective-This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of co-administration of Aloe vera gel and cinnamon zeynalicum bark hydroethanolic extract on process of wound healing in diabetic mice model.Design- Experimental Study.Animals- Seventy-two male BALB/c mice.Procedures- A single full-thickness excisional wound was created on ba...

Red pine cone and barks combined with red pine wood particles in various proportions were used as the raw materials for one and three layered experimental particleboard manufacturing in laboratory conditions. The pine cones and barks have higher lignin, but lower holocellulose content compare to wood. For bark-based panels, the highest MOR (2.52 MPa) corresponded to the lowest thickness swellin...

Fire scar analysis is a fundamental tool for reconstructing fire regimes in conifer forests. However, little known about properties tropical montane conifers, where some assumptions limit dendroecological research. These include that fir species do not exhibit external scars and pines without have experienced past fires. This study describes patterns two growing Mexican temperate forests: sacre...

The Himalayan yew (Taxus baccata L.) is widely but sparsely distributed along the cool temperate belt between 2600 and 3300 m asl of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR), Garhwal Himalaya. Traditionally, the bark of this plant is used for preparing beverages locally called Namkin Chay, medicines and its wood as a timber in various regions of the Himalaya. However, due to its excessive collec...

29 Swine slurry (SS) is usually stored in open ponds in Mediterranean conditions before 30 being applied to crop fields. During this storage nitrogen (N) is lost to the atmosphere 31 mainly by ammonia volatilization diminishing the fertilizer value of the slurry and 32 causing environmental problems. Permeable covers made from plant materials are low33 cost alternatives to reduce these losses. ...

Complex processes related to biotic and abiotic forces can impose limitations to assembly and composition of plant communities. Quantifying the effects of these constraints on plant functional traits across environmental gradients, and among communities, remains challenging. We define ecological constraint (Ci ) as the combined, limiting effect of biotic interactions and environmental filtering...