abstract       background and objective: hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a dna virus with high tendency toward hepatic tissue. there are currently about 3 million hbv-infected people and 350 to 400 million chronic carriers of this virus in the world. x protein plays a role in the over-expression of oncogenes, carcinogenicity of liver cells and overlaps with the basal core promoter of the virus. muta...

To identify molecular factors regulating apo A-I production in vivo, we induced in transgenic mice the experimental nephrotic syndrome, which results in elevated levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), plasma apo A-I, and hepatic apo A-I mRNA. Human (h) apo A-I transgenic mice with different length 5' flanking sequences (5.5 or 0.256 kb, the core promoter for hepatic-specific basal expression) were ...

In contrast to the prototype adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2), the capsid gene P41 promoter of AAV5, within viral constructs that lack inverted terminal repeat sequences, displays a high basal level of expression in 293 cells in the absence of coinfecting adenovirus. Here we demonstrate that this was due to differences in the relative strengths of the core promoter elements and to the prese...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS To investigate the prevalence and pattern of PC and BCP mutations and their clinical significance in patients with genotype D chronic hepatitis B infection in the Fars province of southern Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2007 to March 2008, we evaluated 44 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection who were referred to our hepatology clinics affiliated with the S...

Background: We examine the GA-repeat core promoters of MECOM and GABRA3 in human embryonic kidney-293 cell line and show that those GA-repeats have promoter activity,and those different alleles of the repeats can significantly alter gene expression.We propose a novel role for GA-repeat core promoters to regulate gene expression in the genes involved in development and evolution. Materials and M...

Basal elements in archaeal promoters, except for putative initiator elements encompassing transcription start sites, are well characterized. Here, we employed the Sulfolobus araS promoter as a model to study the function of the initiator element (Inr) in archaea. We have provided evidence for the presence of a third core promoter element, the Sulfolobus Inr, whose action depends on a TATA box a...

INTRODUCTION The intrahepatic hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) expression is related to disease progression of chronic hepatitis B. We examined the features of intrahepatic HBsAg expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 181 patients with e antigen positive chronic hepatitis B were enrolled. Patterns and semi-quantitative measurement of intrahepatic HBsAg expression were analyzed. The a...

background although certain hbv mutations are known to affect the expression of hepatitis e antigen, their association with hbv viral level or clinical outcomes is less clear. objectives we evaluated associations between different mutations in the basal core promoter (bcp) and pre-core (pc) regions of hbv genome and subsequent changes in hbv viral dna level over seven years in a population of u...