stem cells are the cells having some distinguishing characteristics like longevity, high capacity of self-renewal and differentiation, quiescence and highly error-free proliferation. almost all stem cells have the potential of lineage reprogramming, i.e. inter-conversion of cell lineages. they also have the potential to differentiate into almost all kinds of cells. these cells have been found i...

The basal lamina (BL) that occupies the synaptic cleft of the skeletal neuromuscular junction is antigenically distinct from extrasynaptic muscle fiber BL, rich in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and bears projections that form junctional folds in the postsynaptic membrane. We report here that these synapse-specific features of BL are all present at low levels in embryonic rat myotubes cultured wi...

Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) is widely observed in Caucasians (CA) and is associated with histamine receptors 1- and 2- (H1R and H2R) mediated post-exercise vasodilation. However, it appears that blacks (BL) may not exhibit PEH following aerobic exercise. Hence, this study sought to determine the extent to which BL develop PEH, and the contribution of histamine receptors to PEH (or lack ther...

In organometallic vapor phase epitaxial growth of group III nitrides on sapphire, insertion of a low temperature interlayer is found to improve crystalline quality of AlxGa1-xN layer with x from 0 to 1. Here the effects of the low temperature deposited GaN or AlN interlayers on the structural quality of group III nitrides is discussed. INTRODUCTION From the late 60’s to the early 70’s Maruska a...

PURPOSE To determine an accurate value for Bowman's layer (BL) thickness in vivo in humans. METHODS Seventeen corneal transplant patients were examined preoperatively by laser-scanning in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and corneal buttons were removed postoperatively and sectioned for light microscopy (LM). Nine corneas with uniformly thick BL by LM were used for thickness measurement. In t...

The conductive properties of individual self-assembled GeSi quantum dots (QDs) are investigated by conductive atomic force microscopy on single-layer (SL) and bi-layer (BL) GeSi QDs with different dot densities at room temperature. By comparing their average currents, it is found that the BL and high-density QDs are more conductive than the SL and low-density QDs with similar sizes, respectivel...

The increase in the bandwidth of the wireless channels and the computing power of the mobile devices makes it possible to offer video service for wireless networks in the near future. In an ad-hoc network, strong error protection is required because of the lack of fixed infrastructure. On the other hand, the mesh structure of an ad-hoc network implies that there may be multiple paths existing b...

This paper presents a constant quality video rate control (CQVRC) scheme for MPEG-4 FGS (fine-grain scalability) video. The proposed scheme can mitigate quality variations among consecutive frames during the period when there is significant change in the video source or the transmission bandwidth. CQVRC utilizes both non-scalable base layer (BL) and scalable enhancement layer (EL) of MPEG-4 for...

Two types of segments (intact leaf tissue and isolated mesophyll tissue respectively) were isolated from basal (still growing) and tip (non-growing) maize leaf regions. The leaf segments were exposed to different light qualities (blue or red light) and quantities, and net fluxes of K+, Ca2+ and H+ were measured non-invasively using ion-selective vibrating microelectrodes (the MIFE technique). A...