This paper presents an artificial intelligence approach on modeling highly nonlinear processes with application to pH neutralization process. The hybrid neuro-fuzzy technique is applied to model the titration curve from a weak acid with a strong base. This titration curve has three major parts that describe the system behavior: above the equivalence point, near equivalence point and under equiv...

By performing an acid-base titration by coulometric generation of OHor H+ ions at an inert electrode in close proximity to the pH-sensitive gate of an ISFET, it is possible to determine the acid or base concentration of a solution using the ISFET as an indicator device for the equivalence point in the titration curve. Typical values for the titration time are 0.1 to 10 s for acid or base concen...

The topic of acid-base reactions is a regular component of many chemistry curricula that requires integrated understanding of various areas of introductory chemistry. Many students have considerable difficulties understanding the concepts and processes involved. It has been suggested and confirmed by research that students may be benefit from computer-supported activities such as data logging, ...

In order to obtain a better understanding of the neutral-to-base (N-B) transition of human serum albumin, we performed acid/base titration experiments and 500-MHz 1H NMR experiments on albumin and on a large peptic (residues 1-387) and large tryptic (residues 198-585) fragment of albumin. The acid/base titration experiments revealed that Ca2+ ions induce a downward pK shift of several histidine...

The application of a linear algebraic method to the potentiometric titration of a mixture of tartaric and citric acids and sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate (previously treated with strong acid), permits the determination of the concentration of each individual acid and the total equivalent of carbonate in antacids. It is also possible to determine individual concentrations of sodi...

Acid-base titration experiments and electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) were used to investigate the cell surface electrochemical heterogeneity of the Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, Shewanella putrefaciens. The acid-base titrations extended from pH 4 to 10, and the titration data were fit using a linear programming pKa spectrum approach. Overall, a five-site model accounted for the observed titrat...

Acid or base concentrations can be determmed very rapidly by performmg an acid-base titration with coulometncally generated OHor H+ ions at a noble metal actuator electrode m close proximity to the pH-sensitive gate of an ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) The ISFET is used as the mdicator electrode to detect the eqmvalence point in the titration curve Typical values for the time nee...

A new concept of critical point is expounded by analysing the potentiometric titration curves of aluminium salt solutions under the moderate slow rate of base injection. The critical point is defined as the characteristic spot of the Al salt solutions potentiometric titration curve, which is related to the experiment conditions. In addition, the changes of critical points reflect the influence ...

A new computer program (GLEE, glass electrode evaluation) has been written for the calibration of a glass electrode by means of a strong acid-strong base titration. This program provides an estimate of the carbonate contamination of the base, the pseudo-Nernstian standard potential and slope of the electrode and, optionally, the concentration of the base and pK(W.) The program runs under the Wi...

The buffering capacity of tears collected from six young, healthy subjects was assessed using a microtitration technique. Each subject provided, on six separate occasions, about 100 microliter of tears, collected in small amounts and with minimal mechanical stimulation over several hours. The pH of the total stirred pool of tears from each subject was determined at the outset. This pool of tear...