OBJECTIVES To explore European-based pharmaceutical industry professionals' beliefs about patient and public involvement (PPI) in medicines research and development (R&D). SETTING Pharmaceutical companies in the UK, Poland and Spain. PARTICIPANTS 21 pharmaceutical industry professionals, four based in the UK, five with pan-European roles, four based in Spain and eight based in Poland. MET...

Pharmaceutical drugs play an important role in human life since they caused a revolution in human health. Notably, their administration to a living organism helps body to stay healthy. Commonly, they are employed to diagnose, prevent, or treat and cure a disease via a biological effect on a human body. Administration of impurity-free and adequate amounts of pharmaceut...

aim and background: in recent years, experts in the field of obsessive-compulsive disorder have been trying to measure the validity and efficiency of pharmaceutical interventions. the meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of medication on symptoms of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. methods and materials: this meta-analysis was conducted on studies during the past decade in iran...

In this paper we explore the impact of electronic commerce on the industry structure and market power allocation of China’s pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, we describe the overall characteristics of the pharmaceutical Industry in general. Secondly, we develop a value chain based framework of analysis for China’s pharmaceutical industry. We divide the pharmaceutical industry value chain into t...

in this study, simple, fast and reliable cyclic voltammetry (cv), linear sweep voltammetry (lsv), square wave voltammetry (swv) and differential pulse voltammetry (dpv) methods were developed and validated for determination of bosentan in pharmaceutical preparations. the proposed methods were based on electrochemical oxidation of bosentan at platinum electrode in acetonitrile solution containin...

information plays a vital role in effective management of any system. with the health management information system (hmis) specific information may be provide to support o the decision makers at various levels of the health system to assist evidence-based decision making. pharmaceutical distributor companies have reported their sales data to moh at monthly intervals. each company should report ...