Existing concept-color-emotion lexicons limit themselves to small sets of basic emotions and colors, which cannot capture the rich pallet of color terms that humans use in communication. In this paper we begin to address this problem by building a novel, color-emotion-concept association lexicon via crowdsourcing. This lexicon, which we call CLEX, has over 2,300 color terms, over 3,000 affect t...

Although basic color terms and basic color appearances have been shown to produce higher confidence ratings in a variety of naming and judgment tasks, our findings suggest that when different ethnolinguistic cultures are compared, higher confidence is not strictly linked to the basic foci of Berlin and Kay nor the centroid samples identified by Boynton and colleagues. This raises important ques...

Definition The possibility that naming colors, either in a single instance or habitually over a lifetime, alters. color perception Color perception and color communication When we communicate about the colors of scenes and objects comprising our visual experience, what we see informs our choice of words. A question that has interested many cognitive psychologists is whether the color words we u...

Categories can affect our perception of the world, rendering between-category differences more salient than withincategory ones — a phenomenon known as categorical perception (CP). Previous research has shown that basic color categories across a variety of languages yield CP in speakers of those languages. Here, we provide evidence that CP generalizes to color categories beyond the basic level....

When learning basic color vocabulary, young children show a selective delay in the acquisition of brown and gray relative to other basic color terms. In this study, we first establish the robustness of this finding and then investigate the extent to which perception, language, and color preference may influence color conceptualization. Experimental tasks were designed to measure different aspec...

An expression-induction model was used to simulate the evolution of basic color terms in order to test Berlin and Kay’s (1969) hypothesis that the typological patterns observed in basic color term systems are produced by a process of cultural evolution under the influence of universal aspects of human neurophysiology. Ten agents were simulated, each of which could learn color term denotations b...

This tutorial examines how people of various cultures classify different colors as belonging together under common color names. This is addressed by examining Berlin and Kay’s (1969) hierarchical classification scheme. Special attention is paid to the additional five (derived) color terms (i.e., brown, purple, pink, orange, and gray) that must be added to Herings’ six primaries (i.e., white, bl...

The Latin language contains a number of synonymous terms in its basic color categories. The goal of this essay is to trace the diachronic trends of such terms; to discover which term, if any, is the favored term for a color category; and to determine whether it became established as such in sequence with the Universal Evolution (UE) model. I examine the frequencies of all potentially-basic colo...

We know most about the sense of Sight, with milestones like Berlin & Kay (1969) and Kay et al. (2006). Languages differ in quite systematic ways in their expression of color terms that can be related to basic mechanisms of color perception and the further neural processing of visual stimuli. We can distinguish between a pair of terms denoting intensity (light and dark), and terms denoting indiv...