18 Many dryland areas are being converted into intensively managed irrigation crops, what 19 can disrupt the hydrological regime, degrade soil and water quality, enhance siltation, 20 erosion and bank instability, and affect biological communities. Still, the impacts of 21 irrigation schemes on the functioning of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are poorly 22 understood. Here we assess the ef...

This article explores the possibility of urbanizationand irrigation-induced increases in summer precipitation totals in central Arizona. Maximum precipitation impacts are hypothesized to occur downwind of the Phoenix area in the Lower Verde basin. Results from statistical tests indicate that summer precipitation totals in the Lower Verde basin are greater than totals in nearby basins. Precipita...

Efficient water use is the key for sustainable management of water resources. The major reason of non-efficient management of water resources, especially in developing countries, is nonavailability of reliable hydrological information about the actual water used by different agricultural crops with in a large irrigation system or at the basin scale. Therefore, an estimation of spatially distrib...

Surface irrigation is the dominant method of on-farm irrigation in Egypt as well as world wide. Furrow watering is considered as one of the main types of surface irrigation. Most of the cultivated crops are grown under such type of watering. The principal advantage of furrow irrigation is the less irrigated area comparing with that under basin irrigation which equaled total cultivated acreage. ...

The estimated health impact of naturally occurring fluoride is considered to be more widespread than arsenic (WHO, 2004). From the known global distribution of endemic fluorosis, the most affected regions are in arid to semi-arid climatic zones. Fluoride (F) in its most common form is found in several geological environments including igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and leaching of F...

Agricultural irrigation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin consumes approximately 80% of the total river water. Whether the irrigation depth matches the water uptake depth of crops is one of the most important factors affecting the efficiency of irrigation water use. Our results indicated that the influence of plastic film on soil water δ(18)O was restricted to 0-30 cm soil depth. B...

Agricultural chemical transport to surface water and the linkage to other hydrological compartments, principally ground water, was investigated at five watersheds in semiarid to humid climatic settings. Chemical transport was affected by storm water runoff, soil drainage, irrigation, and how streams were linked to shallow ground water systems. Irrigation practices and timing of chemical use gre...

Irrigated agriculture can modify the cycling and transport of nitrogen (N), due to associated water diversions, water losses, and changes in transport flow-paths. We investigate dominant processes behind observed long-term changes in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations and loads of the extensive (465,000 km2) semi-arid Amu Darya River basin (ADRB) in Central Asia. We specifically ...

Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most critical components of terrestrial water balance. Estimating reliable ET across a large region is, however, difficult due to the limited number of ground monitoring stations and the heterogeneous land surface conditions. In this work, spatially distributed monthly ET estimates in the Krishna River Basin, India, were derived using Advanced Very High Res...

farmers in the indus basin, pakistan have generally switched to groundwater for additional water supplies due to the irregular supply of irrigation water; currently over 50% of the agricultural land in the basin is at least partially irrigated by tube-wells. these wells pump fresh groundwater, which essentially is the result of massive leakage from irrigation canals into the originally saltwate...