This experiment examines two esterification reactions: the de-esterification of ethyl benzoate into benzoic acid and the transesterification of palm oil into biodiesel. Through the de-esterification of ethyl benzoate, we mimicked the processes and experimental designs that are involved in the production of API’s (active pharmaceutical ingredients). The transesterification of palm oil allowed us...

Biodiesel or fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) synthesis from sunflower oil and methanol using an immobilized lipase, an example of a liquid-liquid solid reaction, was studied in batch and various continuous reactor set-ups including the use of a centrifugal contactor separator (CCCS). The latter is an example of a highly intensified device, integrating liquid-liquid reactions and subsequent phase...

Biodiesel is an alternative energy source and a substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel. It is produced from renewable biomass by transesterification of triacylglycerols from plant oils, yielding monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids with short-chain alcohols such as fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs). Despite numerous environmental benefits, a broader use of b...

16 Municipal sludge from wastewater treatment plants is a promising lipid feedstock for 17 biodiesel production as it contains a significant amount of lipids. However, the energy 18 necessary to remove its high water content is a major inconvenience for scaling up 19 because of the high associated cost. In addition, the expensive conventional sludge 20 drying methods are not effective enough fo...

The aim of this study was to produce microbial oil from Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70296 grown in hemicellulose hydrolysate (H-H). Glucose and xylose were used for batch, fed-batch, repeated fed-batch, and continuous cultures, and H-H was tested at continuous culture. The highest cell and lipid concentrations of 85.4 and 41.8g/L, respectively, were obtained using repeated fed-batch strategy. Contin...

Biodiesel, monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids with short-chain alcohols derived from triacylglycerols (TAGs), can be produced from renewable biomass sources. Recently, there has been interest in producing microbial oils from oleaginous microorganisms. Rhodococcus opacus PD630 is known to accumulate large amounts of TAGs. Following on these earlier works we demonstrate that R. opacus PD6...

Microbial lipid production by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus sp. was studied using glucose and cellulosic hydrolysate as carbon source, to realize the feasiblility of biodiesel production from high-lipid cell culture. The crude lipid contents of Debaryomyces nepalensis and Cryptococcus sp. cultured in YM Agar reached as high as 32-35 % on dry weight basis, which were higher than those of Pse...

introduction biofuels are considered as one of the largest sources of renewable fuels or replacement of fossil fuels. combustion of plant-based fuels is the indirect use of solar energy. biofuels significantly have less pollution than other fossil fuels and can easily generate from residual plant material. waste and residues of foods and wastewater can also be a good source for biofuel producti...

BACKGROUND Microbial lipid production using renewable feedstock shows great promise for the biodiesel industry. RESULTS In this study, the ability of a lipid-engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strain JMY4086 to produce lipids using molasses and crude glycerol under different oxygenation conditions and at different inoculum densities was evaluated in fed-batch cultures. The greatest lipid content,...

Biodiesel has become an attractive fuel recently, because it is renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, etc. With the increase in the production of biodiesel, the problem of disposing crude glycerol, which is produced as main by-product from biodiesel process such as transesterification, has been raised. Therefore, we have been developing a new green technology-Hydrotherm...